2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulphonate diammonium salt

All the employed solvents were of analytical grade and purchased from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy). Chlorogenic acid (5-CQA) and neochlorogenic acid (3-CQA) standards were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy), while cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA) and caffeic acid (CA) standards were purchased from PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Acetonitrile (ACN) and methanol, both LC-MS grade, were from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Formic acid for LC-MS was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric chloride (FeCl₃), and gallic acid (GA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Ultra-pure deionized water was generated by a Milli-Q purification apparatus (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).

Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent, 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) diammonium salt (ABTS), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric chloride (FeCl₃), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), gallic acid (GA), and Ethanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Mueller–Hinton broth (MHB), Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (RBCA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA), Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) 1640 medium, and purity-grade organic solvents (Ethanol, and Dimethyl Sulfoxide) were purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy).