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5 protocols using lipopolysaccharide lps e coli o111 b4

1

Exploring TGF-β and LPS Effects on RAW264.7 Cells

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RAW264.7 cells (ATCC, Manassas, VA) were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM; Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). In some experiments, we added recombinant TGF-β2 (rTGF-β2; 0.5-1 ng/mL; R&D, Minneapolis, MN) or E. coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.5μg/mL; Sigma).
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2

Exploring TGF-β and LPS Effects on RAW264.7 Cells

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RAW264.7 cells (ATCC, Manassas, VA) were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM; Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). In some experiments, we added recombinant TGF-β2 (rTGF-β2; 0.5-1 ng/mL; R&D, Minneapolis, MN) or E. coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.5μg/mL; Sigma).
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3

Lipid Compounds for Biomembrane Studies

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The compounds 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3phosphocholine (POPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) were purchased from NOF corporation (White Plains, NY, USA). The compound 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[azido(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG2k) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (E. coli O111:B4) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cholesterol was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). Wako Cholesterol E Kit was purchased from Fujifilm (Richmond, VA, USA). IL-6 and TNF-α ELISA kits were purchased from Invitrogen (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).
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4

Visfatin Regulation in LPS-Induced Inflammation

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) E.coli O111:B4 was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Recombinant mouse visfatin was obtained from Prospec (cyt-447, Prospec, Germany). FK866 was procured from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). The antibody of visfatin for immunohistochemistry (IHC) was obtained from ABClonal (Wuhan, China). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) Conjugated Goat Anti-Mouse IgG was purchased from Yifeixue Bio Tech (Nanjing, China).
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5

Polyphosphates Modulate Innate Immune Responses

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If not stated otherwise, the following concentrations of reagents were used: 100 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS; E. coli O111:B4, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), 10 μg/ml Zymosan (ZYM; S. cerevisiae, InvivoGen, San Diego, CA), 10 μg/ml Peptidoglycan (PGN; E. coli O111:B4, InvivoGen), 10 μg/ml Flagellin (FLA, B. subtilis, InvivoGen), 1 μg/ml dsDNA (E. coli K12, InvivoGen) transfected using Oligofectamine, 500 U/ml recombinant mouse IFNβ (Pestka Biomedical Laboratories), 10 ng/ml recombinant mouse IL-4 (Peprotech), and 100 μg/ml dextran sulfate (Sigma-Aldrich). S-polyphosphates had a modal length of 70 phosphates (range: 25–125 phosphates) and L-polyphosphates (unmodified or biotinylated) had a modal length of 700 phosphates (range: 200–1300 phosphates) and were solubilized from high-molecular-weight polyphosphate as described before64 (link). S-/L-polyphosphates were used as 50 µM (indicated as concentration of monophosphates) unless stated otherwise in the figures.
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