Alzet mini osmotic pumps model 1007d

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU; 50 mg/kg/day) was injected on day 0–5 during the repeated injury paradigm^{39 (link)}. For AraC Infusions, Alzet Mini-Osmotic Pumps Model 1007D (DURECT Corporation, Cupertino, CA) were used to provide continuous systematic delivery of the vehicle saline control or 2% AraC (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) after subcutaneous implantation^{40 (link)}. Infusions were performed 7 days prior to rmTBI and rSham at which time the pumps were removed on the day of surgery.

Male mice were anesthetized with ketamine (100 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection and positioned in a stereotaxic frame. Body temperature was monitored with a rectal probe and maintained at 37 °C with a controlled heating pad set. The Φ = 4 mm craniotomy was made using a portable drill over the right parietal-temporal cortex (− 2.5 mm A/P and 2.0 mm lateral from the bregma). The injury was induced by a program-controlled cortical impactor (Φ = 3-mm beveled tip) connected to an eCCI-6.3 device (Custom Design & Fabrication, LLC) at a velocity of 5.0 m/s, depth of 2.0 mm, and 100 ms impact duration. Following injury, the incision was closed using Vetbond tissue adhesive (3M, St. Paul, MN, USA), and the animals were placed into a heated cage and monitored every 20 min until fully recovered from anesthesia. Alzet® Mini-Osmotic Pumps Model 1007D (Catalog # 0000290, DURECT Corporation, Cupertino, CA) was used to provide continuous systematic delivery of the saline control, VTA-EEKK, VTM-EEKK, or KYL peptide. The dosage of each peptide administration was 10 mg/kg/day.