Phosphonoacetic acid

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Phosphonoacetic acid is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. Phosphonoacetic acid serves as a building block for the synthesis of other compounds and is utilized in various chemical reactions and analyses.

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Lab products found in correlation

D ribose, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Genistein genis, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Amitriptyline ami, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Rpm1 1640, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Thapsigargin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Tunicamycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate, by Enzo Life Sciences (1 mentions) Tris edta solution, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Electromax dh10b electrocompetent cells, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Proteinase k, by Promega (1 mentions) Phenol chloroform isoamyl alcohol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) T7 dna polymerase, by New England Biolabs (1 mentions) Phosphonoformic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Dntps, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Klenow fragment, by New England Biolabs (1 mentions) T4 polynucleotide kinase, by New England Biolabs (1 mentions) T4 dna polymerase, by New England Biolabs (1 mentions) γ 32p atp, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions) Citric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

8 protocols using phosphonoacetic acid

Podocyte Immortalization and Treatment

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A conditionally immortalized mouse podocyte cell line (Graciously provided by Dr. P. E. Klotman, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of medicine, New York, NY), was cultured and maintained as described previously [23 (link)]. For all experiments, culture medium was replaced with serum-free medium prior to treatments. Podocytes were incubated with D-ribose (25 mM, Sigma, USA) or phosphonoacetic acid (1.0 mM, Sigma Aldrich, USA) for 24 h. Acid ceramidase (AC), AC inducer genistein (genis, 20 μM, Sigma Aldrich, USA) and acid sphingomyelinase (Asm) inhibitor, amitriptyline (Ami, 20 μM, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used 30 min prior to treatments [24 (link),25 (link)].

Hong J., Bhat O.M., Li G., Dempsey S.K., Zhang Q., Ritter J.K., Li W, & Li P.L. (2019). Lysosomal regulation of extracellular vesicle excretion during D-ribose-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in podocytes. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research, 1866(5), 849-860.

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Podocyte Immortalization and Treatment

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Cell Culture Protocols for EBV-Positive Burkitt's Lymphoma

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P3HR1 and Akata(+) are two EBV-positive Burkitt’s lymphoma cell lines [48 (link),49 (link)]. Akata(−) is an EBV-negative cell clone isolated from Akata(+) cells [50 (link)]. BJAB is an EBV-negative B-cell lymphoma cell line [51 (link)]. All lymphoma cell lines were cultured in RPM1 1640 (#11875085; Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; #10437028; Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). HEK293T (293T), a human embryonic kidney cell line [52 (link)], was cultured in high-glucose Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (#11965084; Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS. For viral lytic induction, cells were treated with 3 mM SB (#B5887; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) alone or 3 mM SB plus 30 ng/mL TPA (#P8139; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The concentration of phosphonoacetic acid (#284270; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) used in the study was 200 μg/mL. Tunicamycin (#T7765; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and thapsigargin (#T9033; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were typically used at 5 μg/mL and 5 μM, respectively, for 24 h.

Chen L.W., Wang S.S., Hung C.H., Hung Y.H., Lin C.L, & Chang P.J. (2021). The Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Protein BMLF1 Induces Upregulation of GRP78 Expression through ATF6 Activation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(8), 4024.

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NF-κB Activation and Inhibition

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NF-κB inducer phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (catalog number BML-PE160-0005). Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (catalog number 284270).

Romero N., Tishchenko A., Verhamme R., Wuerzberger-Davis S.M., Van Waesberghe C., Nauwynck H.J., Miyamoto S, & Favoreel H.W. (2023). Several Alphaherpesviruses Interact Similarly with the NF-κB Pathway and Suppress NF-κB-Dependent Gene Expression. Microbiology Spectrum, 11(4), e01421-23.

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KNGF-J4 Infection and DNA Extraction

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U2OS cells were infected with KNGF-J4 at MOI 5 PFU/cell in the presence of 200 μg/mL phosphonoacetic acid (Sigma). At 3 hpi, cells were rinsed with 1× PBS and DNA was extracted by Proteinase K (Promega, Madison, WI) digestion for 1 h at 50°C, followed by extraction with phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol, 25:24:1 (v/v) (Sigma), and precipitation with ethanol. DNA pellets were resuspended in 50 μL of 1× Tris-EDTA solution at pH 8 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), electroporated into ElectroMAX DH10B electrocompetent cells (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and plated on Luria-Bertani agar plates supplemented with 15 μg/mL chloramphenicol.

Marzulli M., Hall B.L., Zhang M., Goins W.F., Cohen J.B, & Glorioso J.C. (2023). Novel mutations in UL24 and gH rescue efficient infection of an HSV vector retargeted to TrkA. Molecular Therapy. Methods & Clinical Development, 30, 208-220.

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Nucleotide Kinase and Polymerase Protocol

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All chemicals were of the highest grade available and were used as purchased. T4 polynucleotide kinase was from New England Biolabs, dNTPs and ddNTPs were from Invitrogen, and [γ–³²P]ATP was from Perkin–Elmer. T4 DNA polymerase, T7 DNA polymerase, and Klenow Fragment were obtained from New England Biolabs. Phosphonoformic acid and phosphonoacetic acid were from Sigma. Acyclovir triphosphate and gancicyclovir triphosphate were obtained from Wayne Miller (Burroughs-Welcome Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC).

Vashishtha A.K, & Kuchta R.D. (2016). Effects of Acyclovir, Foscarnet and Ribonucleotides on Herpes Simplex Virus-1 DNA Polymerase: Mechanistic Insights and a Novel Mechanism for Preventing Stable Incorporation of Ribonucleotides into DNA. Biochemistry, 55(7), 1168-1177.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial Compounds

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Compounds 30N12, 16F19, 4F17 (95% purity), 16D20, and 17G7 (90% purity) were purchased from ChemBridge. CQ (≥98% purity), phosphonoacetic acid (PAA; ≥98% purity), and BFLA (≥90% purity) were purchased from Sigma. ACV (≥98% purity) was purchased from Spectrum Chemical Mfg Corp. The chemical structure of the compounds is depicted in Fig. 1.

McClain L., Zhi Y., Cheng H., Ghosh A., Piazza P., Yee M.B., Kumar S., Milosevic J., Bloom D.C., Arav-Boger R., Kinchington P.R., Yolken R., Nimgaonkar V, & D’Aiuto L. (2015). Broad-spectrum non-nucleoside inhibitors of human herpesviruses. Antiviral research, 121, 16-23.

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Nanoparticle Surface Functionalization

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Citric acid, poly(acrylic acid, sodium salt) (MW 1200 g/mol -1 ), phosphonoacetic acid, and caffeic acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. PEG phosphonic carboxylic acid (SP-1P-10-002, MW 2500 g mol -1 ) was purchased from Specific Polymers. All the coatings were used in excess with a massic ratio of 5 between the coating molecule and the nanoparticles. Citric acid, polyacrylic acid, phosphonoacetic acid, and polyethylene glycol were diluted in water at pH=2 and caffeic acid at pH=10. The nanoparticles aqueous dispersion was added to the coating molecule solution and let for 2 hours under magnetic stirring. After the reaction, pH was adjusted at 7 and solution was let for 2 hours to allow for the system to equilibrate. Finally, pH was adjusted at 2 and nanoparticles were magnetically purified 3 times then ultracentrifugated at pH=7 in Amicon® Ultra centrifugal filters (30 kD). Nanoparticles coated with Citric acid, polyacrylic acid, phosphonoacetic acid, caffeic acid, and PEG phosphonic carboxylic acid were respectively named MNP@Cit, MNP@PAA, MNP@PO, MNP@Caf and MNP@PO-PEG.

Plan Sangnier A., Van de Walle A.B., Curcio A., Le Borgne R., Motte L., Lalatonne Y, & Wilhelm C. (2019). Impact of magnetic nanoparticle surface coating on their long-term intracellular biodegradation in stem cells. Nanoscale, 11(35).

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