A library of 1,172 FDA-approved drugs was obtained from Selleckchem (Z71924) and stored in a −80 °C freezer. All drugs were predissolved in DMSO as 10 mM stock solutions. The following chemicals were also used: DMSO (Sigma; 276855), octopamine (Sigma; O0250), ionomycin (Cayman Chemical; 11932), niclosamide (Selleckchem; S3030), mianserin hydrochloride (Selleckchem; S1382), phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride (Sigma; B019), closantel sodium (Selleckchem; S4105), crystal violet (Selleckchem; S1917), chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Sigma; C8138), amitriptyline hydrochloride (Selleckchem; S3183), cinacalcet hydrochloride (Selleckchem; S1260), abacavir sulfate (Selleckchem; S3165), dexmedetomidine (Selleckchem; S2090), and indomethacin (Cayman Chemical; 70270).
Crystal violet
Manufactured by Selleck Chemicals
Crystal violet is a synthetic dye that is commonly used in various laboratory applications. It is a dark purple, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and alcohol. Crystal violet's core function is as a staining agent, particularly in biological and medical applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Bx51 microscope, by Olympus (2 mentions)
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Octopamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Niclosamide, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Indomethacin, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Abacavir sulfate, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Dexmedetomidine, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Ionomycin, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Crystal violet, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chemidoc imaging system, by Bio-Rad (1 mentions)
Vandetanib, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Cabozantinib, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Inverse microscope, by Olympus (1 mentions)
Matrigel, by BD (1 mentions)
Transwell chambers with 8 μm pore membrane, by Corning (1 mentions)
5 protocols using crystal violet
1
Library of 1,172 FDA-Approved Drugs
2
Colony Formation Assay for Cell Viability
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Cells were seeded at 150 per well in six-well plates and incubated for 14 days. Colonies were stained with crystal violet (2% solution, Sigma-Aldrich) and visualized using ChemiDoc™ Imaging System (Bio-Rad). Colonies greater than 50 cells were counted using a cell counter (ImageJ) for comparison between groups. For experiments involving inhibitor treatment, cells were incubated with inhibitor (cabozantinib, vandetanib (Selleckchem)) or DMSO in media for 14 days prior to crystal violet staining.
3
Cell Invasion Assay Protocol
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For cell invasion assay, 2 × 105 cells were cultured in serum‐free medium for 24 h and then added into the upper transwell filter chamber. DMEM supplemented with 20% FBS was added into the lower chamber as a chemoattractant to draw cell movement for 24 h. After fixing with methanol and staining with crystal violet (Selleck Chemicals), invaded cells were photographed and counted under an inverse microscope (Olympus).
4
Transwell Cell Invasion Assay
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Transwell chambers with 8-μm pore membrane were purchased from Corning (Corning, NY). For cell invasion analysis, the upper chamber was pre-coated with Matrigel (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ). HuH-6 and HepG2 cells (1 × 105 cells) with indicated transfection were seeded into the upper chamber and cultured for 24 hours. Cells that invaded into the lower chambers were washed, fixed, and stained with 0.1% crystal violet (Selleck) for 30 minutes. Cells were imaged using the BX51 microscope (Olympus).
5
Cell Colony Formation Assay
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HuH-6 and HepG2 cells were transfected as indicated, and 1 × 103 cells were seeded in each well of 6-well plates. Cells were cultured for 2 weeks, and cell colonies were fixed and stained with crystal violet (0.1%; Selleck) for 30 minutes. After wash, cell colonies were imaged using the BX51 microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).
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