Spss version 17.0 for windows software package

Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS version 17.0 for Windows software package (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the normality in the distribution of the variables. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the difference among different groups and then Dunnet Post Hoc test was applied to determine which groups differed statistically from each other. The Mann-Whitney test was applied to compare the differences between TEM variables (altered acrosome %, altered chromatin %, altered axoneme %, broken plasma membrane % in non-frozen samples) measured in two groups (sperm incubated with H₂O₂ and sperm with H₂O₂ + CGA) and MDA, AO, JC-1 in frozen samples treated with CGA and untreated. The Mann-Whitney U test was also used to compare the percentage of sperm with Phospho-AMPKα labelling revealed in frozen-thawed sperm treated with CGA and untreated. Data were reported as median (interquartile range, QR). p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Statistical analysis was accomplished with the SPSS version 17.0 for Windows software package (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the difference among different groups and then Mann-Whitney test was applied to determine which groups differed statistically from each other. Data were reported as mean and standard deviation. p < 0.05 was considered significant.