Fluconazole

Manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry

Sourced in Japan

Fluconazole is an antifungal agent produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry. It is a broad-spectrum medication used to treat a variety of fungal infections. The core function of Fluconazole is to inhibit the growth and proliferation of fungal cells.

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Lab products found in correlation

Dithiothreitol (dtt), by Fujifilm (2 mentions) Sorbitol, by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Voriconazole, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions) Nourseothricin, by Jena Biosciences (1 mentions) Tunicamycin, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Human serum, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cacl2, by Kanto Chemical (1 mentions) Lithium chloride (licl), by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Hygromycin b, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions) Caffeine, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions) Sodium chloride (nacl), by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Congo red, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Niflumic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Arachidonic acid, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Sucrose, by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Linoleic acid, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Oleic acid, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Sulfaphenazole, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Stearic acid, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)

6 protocols using fluconazole

Chemical Compound Procurement for Biological Assays

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SDS, sorbitol, DTT, NaCl, and LiCl were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Fluconazole, voriconazole, hygromycin B, caffeine, and monensin sodium salt were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Nourseothricin was purchased from Jena Bioscience (Dortmund, Germany). Congo red was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). G418 was purchased from Enzo Life Science, Inc. (Farmingdale, NY, USA). CaCl₂ was purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Tunicamycin was purchased from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Brefeldin A (BFA) was purchased from Funakoshi Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Human serum [(from male AB clotted whole blood), USA origin, sterile-filtered] (Product ID: H6914) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Matsumoto Y., Yoshikawa A., Nagamachi T., Sugiyama Y., Yamada T, & Sugita T. (2022). A critical role of calcineurin in stress responses, hyphal formation, and virulence of the pathogenic fungus Trichosporon asahii. Scientific Reports, 12, 16126.

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Lipid Metabolic Pathway Reagent Procurement

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Tung oil and standard CLA oil were obtained from the Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd. NADPH, NADP ＋ , NADH, and NAD ＋ were purchased from Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) . Trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSN 2 CH 3 ) , trimethylolaminomethane acetate (Tris-actate) , fluvoxamine, ticlopidine, montelukast, fluconazole, chlormethiazole, and ketoconazole were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan) . Indomethacin, niflumic acid, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) , 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA) , and HET0016 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) . Lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, prostaglandin A1, sulfaphenazole, and quinidine were obtained from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI) . All other chemicals (sucrose, EDTA・2Na・2H 2 O, DTT, PMSF) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.

Wu Q, & Tsuduki T. (2020). CYP4F13 is the Major Enzyme for Conversion of alpha-Eleostearic Acid into cis-9, trans-11-Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Mouse Hepatic Microsomes. Journal of oleo science, 69(9).

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Fluconazole-Chitosan Nano-formulation for Antifungal Therapy

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Fluconazole was purchased from the Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Eugenol was obtained from Bruno Court (Grasse, France). Chitosan (low molecular weight; 50–190 kDa), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 99+% hydrolyzed; 89–98 kDa), PEG400, and Tween 80 were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Gantrez^® S-97 (Poly-methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid; MW = 1500 Da) was purchased from Ashland Inc. (Surrey, UK). Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution was prepared from D-glucose (anhydrous) 1.0 g/L, NaCl 8.0 g/L, NaHCO₃ 0.35 g/L, Na₂HPO₄ (anhydrous) 0.04788 g/L, KCl 0.4 g/L, KH₂PO₄ (anhydrous) 0.06 g/L, MgSO₄ (anhydrous) 0.09767 g/L, and CaCl₂ dihydrate 0.185 g/L. All chemical agents were analytical reagent grade.

Suriyaamporn P., Opanasopit P., Rangsimawong W, & Ngawhirunpat T. (2022). Optimal Design of Novel Microemulsions-Based Two-Layered Dissolving Microneedles for Delivering Fluconazole in Treatment of Fungal Eye Infection. Pharmaceutics, 14(3), 472.

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Antifungal Drug Preparation and Quantification

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Itraconazole, fluconazole, and ketoconazole were purchased from TCI America (Portland, OR, USA), and amphotericin B was purchased from Vetech Laboratories (Guelph, Canada). fluconazole was formulated into a 5,120 mg/L drug stock solution by sterilized distilled water; ketoconazole and Itraconazole were first dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), with DMSO concentrations less than 1%, and then diluted with sterile distilled water to prepare a 1,280 mg/L drug stock solution. The drug storage solution was sealed and stored at a temperature of -20 °C. The fluconazole stock solution was diluted 10 times with Malassezia liquid medium to a concentration of 128 mg/L, and this solution was twice the final concentration of the drug in the first well of the drug-sensitive plate (64 mg/L). The raw solutions of Itraconazole and ketoconazole were diluted 50 times with Malassezia liquid medium to a concentration of 32 mg/L, which was twice the final concentrations of the two drugs in the first two wells of the drug-sensitive plate (16 mg/L).

Wang K., Cheng L., Li W., Jiang H., Zhang X., Liu S., Huang Y., Qiang M., Dong T., Li Y., Wang J., Feng S, & Li H. (2020). Susceptibilities of Malassezia strains from pityriasis versicolor, Malassezia folliculitis and seborrheic dermatitis to antifungal drugs. Heliyon, 6(6), e04203.

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Bacterial Transformation and MP Induction

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Mid-log-phase (OD₆₀₀=∼0.5–0.8) cells of the strain of interest grown in 2xYT (United States Biological) were transformed with the desired MP, and recovered for 45 min in Davis rich media11 (link) to suppress MP induction. All transformations were plated on 2xYT in 1.8% agar (United States Biological) containing 40 μg ml⁻¹ chloramphenicol (Sigma Aldrich), 10 μg ml⁻¹ fluconazole (TCI America), 10 μg ml⁻¹ amphotericin B (TCI America) and 25 mM glucose (United States Biological) and grown for 12–18 h in a 37-°C incubator. Colonies transformed with the appropriate MP were picked the following day and grown in Davis rich media containing 40 μg ml⁻¹ chloramphenicol, 10 μg ml⁻¹ fluconazole and 10 μg ml⁻¹ amphotericin B for 12–18 h. Following overnight growth of the MP-carrying strains, cultures were diluted 1,000-fold into fresh Davis rich media containing 40 μg ml⁻¹ chloramphenicol, 10 μg ml⁻¹ fluconazole and 10 μg ml⁻¹ amphotericin B. The remainder of each experiment is described in each of the following sections.

Badran A.H, & Liu D.R. (2015). Development of potent in vivo mutagenesis plasmids with broad mutational spectra. Nature Communications, 6, 8425.

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Radiolabeled Compound Characterization Protocol

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¹⁴C-Tetraethylammonium bromide, ¹⁴C-salicylic acid,
³H-mannitol, and Ultima Gold scintillation cocktail were
purchased from PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences (Boston, MA).
³H-Estradiol, ¹⁴C-urea, and ³H-Fluconazole
were purchased from Moravek Biomaterials and Radiochemicals (Brea, CA).
³H-Corticosterone was from American Radiolabeled Chemicals (St.
Louis, MO).¹⁴C-indomethacin was from Amersham Life Science (Amersham,
United Kingdom). Chlorhexidine diglucanote, sucrose, and sodium salicylate were
purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Tetraethylammonium bromide,
mannitol, urea, indomethacin, corticosterone, and sodium azide (NaN₃)
were purchased from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ). Ketorolac tromethamine
and estradiol were purchased from Letco Medical (Decatur, AL). Fluconazole was
from TCI America (Portland, OR). Lidocaine HCl was from Professional Compounding
Center of America (PCCA, Houston, TX). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4,
consisting of 0.01 M phosphate buffer, 0.0027 M potassium chloride, and 0.137 M
sodium chloride was prepared using PBS tablets (MP Biomedicals, LLC, Solon, OH)
and deionized water (DI water). Triethylamine (HPLC grade), monobasic sodium
phosphate, and glacial acetic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair
Lawn, NJ). Acetonitrile (HPLC grade) was from Pharmaco-AAPER (Shelbyville, KY).
All materials were used as received.

, & Leinwand L.A. (2001). Calcineurin inhibition and cardiac hypertrophy: A matter of balance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98(6), 2947-2949.

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