Acrylonitrile

UHMWPE fibers
(TYZ Safetex FT-103) were supplied by Beijing Tongyizhong Advanced
Material Co., Ltd. Acrylic acid (AA, ≥ 99.0% (w), analytical
reagent grade (AR)), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, 95.0
∼ 98.0% (w), AR), ammonium ferrous sulfate hexahydrate ((NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂·6H₂O, AR), ceric ammonium nitrate (Ce(NH₄)₂(NO₃)₆, AR), acrylonitrile (AN, ≥ 99.0% (w),
AR), methanol (CH₃OH, ≥ 99.5% (w), AR), hydroxylamine
hydrochloride (NH₂OH·HCl, AR), sodium hydroxide (NaOH,
AR), hydrochloric acid (HCl, AR), sodium chloride (NaCl, AR), sodium
carbonate (Na₂CO₃, AR), potassium hydroxide
(KOH, AR), and nitric acid (HNO₃, 65.0 ∼ 68.0% (w),
AR) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company and used
without further purification. Standard solutions of metal ions with
1000 ppm concentration were purchased from SPEX CertiPrep, Inc. Nitrogen
(99.99%) gas was supplied by Shanghai Luoyang Gas Canned Co., Ltd.
Deionized water was used from water purification instrument (Milli-Q
Direct, Millipore Company, USA) for all experiments.

UHMWPE fiber (TYZ Safetex FT-103, size of 3.6 Denier), supplied by Beijing Tongyizhong Advanced Material Company, was used as a base material for pre-irradiation graft polymerization. 4-Hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidyl ether (4HB) was purchased from Suzhou University and was used without further purification. Ethylene diamine (EDA, AR), acrylonitrile (AN, CP), acrylic acid (AAc, AR), dimethylformamide (DMF, AR), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 1,4-dioxane, toluene, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH₂OH HCl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and concentrated nitric acid were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company and were used without further purification. All standard metal ion solutions with 1000 ppm concentrations were purchased from SPEX CertiPrep Company. Deionized water was used for all experiments except where otherwise noted.