Oxysterols

Media and supplements were purchased from Lonza (Slough, UK). Histopaque‐1077, oxysterols, 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA), horseradish peroxidase‐conjugated goat anti‐rabbit secondary antibody, Bradford reagent, and solvents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Poole, UK). The cytokine kits were purchased from R&D systems (Abingdon, UK). Gels and all material for electrophoresis and immunoblotting were obtained from Invitrogen (Milan, Italy). The Western Blotting System was from Bio‐Rad (Milan, Italy). The primary antibodies were purchased from Millipore (Watford, UK).

Commercially available oxysterols were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Oxy133, Oxy186, and Oxy210 were prepared as previously described [12 (link),15 (link),16 (link)]. Oxy232 was prepared via a similar three-step synthesis described for Oxy186 and Oxy210, except for using ethyl magnesium bromide (instead of methyl magnesium bromide or methyl lithium) in step three, as explained in the Supplementary Notes of the Supplementary Materials. Other procedural details and spectral data for Oxy133, Oxy186, Oxy210, and Oxy232 are also provided (Supplementary Notes and Supplementary Figures S2–S5). RDV was purchased from Chemscene (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA); CLQ was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan); GDC-0449 was purchased from APExBIO (Boston, MA, USA), HPI-1 and SB-431542 were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA), sofosbuvir was purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), and Myrcludex-B was synthesized by Scrum (Tokyo, Japan).

Oxysterols, oil red O stain and GW3965 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Dexamethasone (DEX), Insulin and 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), cyclopamine and purmorphamine were purchased from Cayman chemical company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Troglitazone was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Penicilin, streptomycin and L-glutamate were purchased from Mediatech, Inc (Manassas, VA, USA).