Ftir 8300

Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR/FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyse freeze-dried L. anatifera adhesive from four different specimens. The samples were not subject to deuterium oxide (D₂O) treatment as barnacle adhesive is highly insoluble and cannot be brought into solution without denaturants and reductants, which would have affected the FTIR spectra [37 (link)]. FTIR spectra were obtained using a Shimadzu FTIR-8300 at 4 cm⁻¹ resolution between 600 and 4000 cm⁻¹ (20 scans per sample). Background measurements were taken before each scan to create a baseline for the spectra and minimize drift.

The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared has been used to identify the new functionalities on the grafted alginate gels. IR transmission spectra were obtained using a FTIR spectrophotometer (FTIR-8300, Shimadzu, Japan). The test is aiming to prove the presence of the new functional group, carbonyl group, formed at all the different formulas. A total of 2 % (w/w) of the sample was mixed with dry potassium bromide (KBr). The mixture was ground into a fine powder using an agate mortar before it was compressed into a KBr disk under a hydraulic press at 10,000 psi. Each KBr disk was scanned 16 times at 4 mm/s at a resolution of 2/cm over a wave number range of 400–4000/cm, using Happ-Genzel apodization. The characteristic peaks were recorded.

IR spectra were recorded in the range 4000–700 cm⁻¹ with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer (Shimadzu, FTIR 8300). The test samples were prepared using the KBr-disk method [77 (link)].

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR, was used to study the surface functional groups of raw cassava peels, pre-leached peels and the AC produced at 780 °C so that the chemical structure of the prepared AC could be determined. IR spectra were obtained with FTIR spectrometer (Shimadzu, model FTIR-8300, Japan) using the transformation of 20 scans with a spectral resolution of 4 cm⁻¹ by attenuated total reflectance method. FTIR spectra were collected in the mid-infrared region between 4500 and 500 cm⁻¹. Spectra were acquired using air background correction.

First, neutral diclofenac (acidic form) was obtained using a previously described methodology [46 (link),47 (link)], in which an aqueous medium containing sodium diclofenac was acidified with 5 mol L⁻¹ of hydrochloric acid until turbidity was observed. The mixture was kept static to allow precipitation in a cooling bath, and the precipitate obtained was filtered and recrystallized using water: ethanol (1:1, v/v). The colorless crystals were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR 8300, Shimadzu) with a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹ and 64 scans, and the range of the frequency from 4000 to 500, presenting bands at wavelength numbers (cm⁻¹) of 3300 (NH), 3200–2500 (OH), and 1710 (C=O).
The formulations containing or not containing diclofenac, denominated DIC-LNC and LNC, respectively, were prepared by interfacial deposition of a preformed polymer methodology as previously reported [9 ,47 (link)]. The organic phases, at 40 °C, composed of acetone (27 mL), PCL (0.100 g), sorbitan monostearate (0.038 g), capric/caprylic triglyceride (0.160 g), and diclofenac (0.010 g), were poured into the aqueous phase (53 mL) containing polysorbate 80 (0.077 g) at 40 °C. A translucent solution was obtained instantaneously, after which acetone was removed, and the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure at 40 °C. The final volume was adjusted to 10 mL by using a volumetric flask.