Rs2000

Manufactured by Rad Source

Sourced in United States, Gabon

The RS2000 is a dual-beam laboratory irradiator designed for research and development applications. It utilizes a Cesium-137 radioactive source to provide a controlled radiation environment for sample exposure. The RS2000 features automated operation and a shielded enclosure to ensure safe and efficient use.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Nu7441, by Bio-Techne (3 mentions) Cytation 3, by Agilent Technologies (2 mentions) Ivis spectrum, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions) Paraformaldehyde (pfa), by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (2 mentions) Crystal violet, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Trypsinized, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Cellometer auto 1000, by Revvity (2 mentions) Chemidoc mp, by Bio-Rad (2 mentions) Comet assay kit, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Mll af9, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (2 mentions) C57bl 6j female mice, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (2 mentions) Fish gelatin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Janelia fluor 549 halotag ligand, by Promega (2 mentions) Bx61 microscopy, by Olympus (2 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) 4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi), by BioLegend (2 mentions) Paraformaldehyde (pfa), by Electron Microscopy Sciences (2 mentions) Lipofectamine 3000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Abc vet, by Horiba (1 mentions) Cx 4945, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)

135 protocols using rs2000

DNA-PKcs Knockout MEF and NPC Cells

Cited 3 times

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DNA-PKcs^−/− and WT MEF cells were kindly provided by Professor Gloria C. Li from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, USA (3 (link),24 (link),25 (link)). SUNE-1 cell line, derived from a patient with undifferentiated NPC (26 (link),27 (link)), was a gift from Professor Tiebang Kang at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. WT, DNA-PKcs^−/− MEF cells and human NPC SUNE-1 cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, and streptomycin at 37°C in 5% CO₂.
The DNA-PK inhibitor NU7441 (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK) was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a 5 mmol/l stock solution and stored at −20°C. All drugs were added to cells with a final DMSO concentration of 0.5%. Cells were exposed to X-rays generated by a Rad Source RS2000 irradiator (Rad Source Technologies, Buford, GA, USA) operating at 25 mA with a 0.3 mm Al filter and effective photon energy of 160 kV. The dose rate at an irradiation distance of 48.6 cm was 1.31 Gy/min.

Dong J., Ren Y., Zhang T., Wang Z., Ling C.C., Li G.C., He F., Wang C, & Wen B. (2018). Inactivation of DNA-PK by knockdown DNA-PKcs or NU7441 impairs non-homologous end-joining of radiation-induced double strand break repair. Oncology Reports, 39(3), 912-920.

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Hematopoietic Recovery after Radiation

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The mice treated with or without Saracatinib were irradiated sub-lethally (4.5Gy) using an X-ray based RAD SOURCE RS-2000 biological Irradiator (Rad Source Technologies, Alpharetta, GA). The extent of hematopoietic injury and the follow up recovery from radiation injury was monitored by PB analysis, at one-week interval, for 8 weeks. The PB samples were collected by tail clipping, in EDTA coated microcuvettes (Sarstedt) and analyzed on a scil Vet ABC animal blood counter (Horiba ABX, Montpellier, France). Peripheral blood levels of RBCs, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), total WBCs, monocytes, granulocytes, platelets, eosinophils and lymphocytes were measured. Eight weeks after radiation, the mice were sacrificed and the frequency of LSK cells and HSCs was examined by flow cytometry.

Roy I.M., Anu P.V., Zaunz S., Reddi S., Giri A.M., Sankar R.S., Schouteden S., Huelsken J., Verfaillie C.M, & Khurana S. (2022). Inhibition of SRC-mediated integrin signaling in bone marrow niche enhances hematopoietic stem cell function. iScience, 25(10), 105171.

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Genetic Profiling of DNA Repair Mutants

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DNA-PKcs^−/−, Ku70^−/−, and wild-type mice on 129 genetic backgrounds were bred as previously reported [46 (link), 47 (link)]. Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells from DNA-PKcs^−/−, Ku70^−/−, and wild-type animals were isolated from 13.5-day-old mouse embryos, respectively. The genotype of the embryos was determined by PCR, which distinguished the endogenous from the targeted DNA-PKcs allele or Ku70 allele.
NU7441 (Tocris Bioscience), a DNA-PK inhibitor was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for 5 mmol/L stocks and stored at −20°C. All drugs were added to cells to a final DMSO concentration of 0.5%. Cells were exposed to X-rays generated by a RAD SOURCE RS2000 irradiator (Rad Source Technologies, Inc.) operating at 25 mA, with a 0.3-mm Al filter and effective photon energy of 160 kV. The dose rate at an irradiation distance of 48.6 cm was 1.31 Gy/min.

Dong J., Zhang T., Ren Y., Wang Z., Ling C.C., He F., Li G.C., Wang C, & Wen B. (2017). Inhibiting DNA-PKcs in a non-homologous end-joining pathway in response to DNA double-strand breaks. Oncotarget, 8(14), 22662-22673.

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DNA-PK Inhibition and X-ray Exposure

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The DNA-PK inhibitor NU7441 (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a 5 mmol/l stock solution and stored at −20°C. A casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor, CX4945, was purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). Cells were exposed to X-rays generated by a Rad Source RS2000 irradiator (Rad Source Technologies, Inc., Buford, GA, USA) operating at 25 mA with a 0.3 mm Al filter and effective photon energy of 160 kV. The dose rate at an irradiation distance of 48.6 cm was 1.31 Gy/min.

Geng W., Tian D., Wang Q., Shan S., Zhou J., Xu W, & Shan H. (2019). DNA-PKcs inhibitor increases the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to radiotherapy. Oncology Reports, 42(2), 561-570.

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Clonogenic Survival Assay for Radiation Response

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Clonogenic survival assay was performed as described previously.^{27 (link),28}Briefly, control shRNA- and shARFRP1-treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were plated in triplicate in six-well plates at a concentration of 300 cells per well for 0 and 1.5 Gy treatment, and 600 cells per well for 3 and 5 Gy treatment. X-rays were delivered using a Rad Source RS-2000 cabinet irradiator (Rad Source Technologies, Buford, GA) followed by a 10-day incubation. Cell colonies were fixed and stained in an aqueous solution containing 6.0% glutaraldehyde and 0.5% crystal violet. The plates were then rinsed with water and dried at room temperature in air. Those colonies with at least 50 cells were counted. The survival fraction (SF) was calculated using the following equation:

SF= (\frac{N_{colonies,IR}}{N_{seeded,IR}}) / (\frac{N_{colonies,control}}{N_{seeded,control}})

where N_colonies,IR and N_{colonies,control} are the numbers of colonies formed from IR-treated and control untreated cells, respectively, and N_seeded,IR and N_{seeded,control} are the numbers of cells seeded for IR treatment and without IR treatment, respectively.

Gao Z., Yang Y.Y., Huang M., Qi T.F., Wang H, & Wang Y. (2022). Targeted Proteomic Analysis of Small GTPases in Radioresistant Breast Cancer Cells. Analytical chemistry, 94(43), 14925-14930.

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X-Ray Exposure on Cells

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Cells were exposed to 10 Gy (normoxia)/25 Gy (hypoxia) X-ray (160 kV, 1.16 Gy/min) by a linear accelerator (RadSource, RS2000) at room temperature.

Xiu Z., Sun T., Yang Y., He Y., Yang S., Xue X, & Yang W. (2022). Curcumin Enhanced Ionizing Radiation-Induced Immunogenic Cell Death in Glioma Cells through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling Pathways. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022, 5424411.

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ROS Generation of Nanoscintillators under X-ray

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Following our previous report,^{[22b (link)]} 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) was used to confirm the ROS generation of nanoscintillators under X-ray. 1 mM DPBF was dissolved in 1 mL of ethanol and mixed with 1 mL of the aqueous solution of different concentrations of nanoparticles. The mixture of DPBF and nanoparticles was irradiated with different intensity X-rays using an X-ray irradiator (RS-2000, RadSource Technologies, Inc., Suwanee, GA, USA). Radiation intensity was 0–6 Gy, and the irradiation intensity was controlled by adjusting the X-ray exposure time. The change of absorbance of DPBF (at 412 nm) in solution after X-ray irradiation was measured by a UV/Vis spectrometer (Cytation3, BioTek, USA).

Park W., Cho S., Kang D., Han J.H., Park J.H., Lee B., Lee J, & Kim D.H. (2020). Tumor Microenvironment Targeting Nano-Bio Emulsion for Synergistic Combinational X-ray PDT with Oncolytic Bacteria Therapy. Advanced healthcare materials, 9(13), e1901812.

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Radiation Dose-Response Protocol

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Cells were irradiated in an X-ray irradiator (RS2000; Rad Source Technologies, Alpharetta, GA, USA) at room temperature with an absorption rate of 1.284 Gy/min. A dose of 5 Gy was administered. Animals received total body irradiation at a dose of 6 Gy.

Chen Z., Wang X., Jin T., Wang Y., Hong C.S., Tan L., Dai T., Wu L., Zhuang Z, & Shi C. (2017). Increase in the radioresistance of normal skin fibroblasts but not tumor cells by mechanical injury. Cell Death & Disease, 8(2), e2573-.

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X-ray Irradiation of Cells and Tumors

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Cells and animals were irradiated with indicated radiation doses using a 160 KVp source RS-2000 (Rad Source Technologies, Inc) X-ray irradiator at 25 mAmp, and at a dose rate of 1.24 Gy/minute. The biological irradiator used for both in vitro and in vivo experiments has a 0.3 mm copper filter. A customized shield exposing only the flank tumors was used to irradiate mice.

Bhatia S., Hirsch K., Sharma J., Oweida A., Griego A., Keysar S., Jimeno A., Raben D., Krasnoperov V., Gill P.S., Pasquale E.B., Wang X.J, & Karam S.D. (2016). Enhancing radiosensitization in EphB4 receptor-expressing Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Scientific Reports, 6, 38792.

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Tumor-Specific T Cell Expansion Protocol

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Tumor-specific T cells were generated from tumor specimens with a well-established two-step method, as described previously (17 (link), 18 (link)). During the initial outgrowth [pre–rapid expansion protocol (REP)], single-cell suspensions of digested primary breast tumor tissue generated as aforementioned (see “Primary cell isolation from tumor tissue”) were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 6000 IU/mL of IL2 (Novartis) to allow TIL outgrowth for 14 to 21 days. In some experiments, CD161⁺ CTLs were isolated via FACS and edited by Cas9 protein with control or CD161 gRNA (see “CRISPR-mediated gene knockout”). In the second step, cells were further expanded using a standard small-scale REP with irradiated allogeneic feeder cells (40 Gy, 200:1), CD3 antibody (Miltenyi Biotec, #130-093-387, clone OKT3, 30 ng/mL), and 6,000 IU/mL of IL2. Periphery blood lymphocytes from healthy donors were irradiated (Rad Source, Rs2000) and served as feeder cells. One cycle of REP (14 days) resulted in massive T-cell expansion.

Lao L., Zeng W., Huang P., Chen H., Jia Z., Wang P., Huang D., Chen J., Nie Y., Yang L., Wu W, & Liu J. (2023). CD8+ T cell–Dependent Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment Overcomes Chemoresistance. Cancer Immunology Research, 11(3), 320-338.

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