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28 protocols using bcl xl

1

Investigating Macrophage Polarization Pathways

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Recombinant human IL-17A was purchased from PeproTech (USA). Rat PE-conjugated
anti-mouse CD86 and rat FITC-conjugated anti-mouse CD206 were purchased from
BioLegend (USA). Rabbit anti-GSK-3β, Arg1, β-catenin, active-β-catenin (ABC),
phospho-STAT1 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 1), and
phospho-STAT3 antibodies were products of Cell Signaling Technology (USA).
Rabbit anti-STAT6 and phosphor-STAT6 antibodies were purchased from Affinity
Biosciences (USA). Rabbit anti-iNOS antibody was purchased from Abcam (USA),
rabbit anti-p21 was a product of Santa Cruz Biotech (USA). Rabbit anti-STAT3,
SOCS3, BCL-XL, c-Myc, TCF-4, β-actin, and mouse anti-Cyclin D1 antibodies were
purchased from Proteintech (China). The Wnt signaling inhibitor XAV939 was
purchased from Santa Cruz Biotech.
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2

Investigating HCQ-Mediated Cell Signaling

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Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ), Z-VAD-FMK, and SB203580 were obtained from Selleck Chemicals LLC (Houston, TX). LiCl was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Billerica (MA, USA). Primary antibodies against caspase-3, caspase-8, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), P38, p-P38, β-catenin, β-actin, bax, and c-Myc were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (MA, USA). Primary antibodies against CyclinD-1 and GAPDH were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). An anti-LC3B antibody was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Billerica, MA, USA). Caspase-9, Bcl-xl, and bad were purchased from Proteintech (Hubei, China).
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3

Baicalein Inhibits Mitochondrial Dynamics

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Baicalein (≥ 99%, Yousi Scientific Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) was dissolved in DMSO at concentration of 200 mM and stored at -20 ℃. Mdivi-1, an inhibitor of Drp1, was purchased from Selleck (Huston, TX, USA). 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), an inhibitor of autophagosomes, and Bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1), an inhibitor of H+-ATPase, were purchased from Selleck. Antibodies against PARP (#9542), Drp1 (#5391), AMPKα (#5831), p-AMPKα (Thr172) (#2535), LC3 (#12741), Bak (#6947) and β-actin (#3700) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA). Antibodies against Caspase 3 (#19677-1-AP), Caspase 9 (#10380-1-AP), Bcl2 (#12789-1-AP), Bcl-xl (#10783-1-AP), Bax (#50599-1-AP), Cytochrome c (#10993-1-AP), Aif (#17984-1-AP), Cox IV (#11242-1-AP), Fis1 (#10956-1-AP), Opa1 (#27733-1-AP), Mfn1 (#13798-1-AP), Ndufs1 (#12444-1-AP), Sdha (#14865-1-AP), Uqcrc1 (#21705-1-AP), Atp5a1 (#14676-1-AP), p62 (#18420-1-AP), and Beclin1 (#11306-1-AP) were obtained from Proteintech (Wuhan, China). Antibody against p-Drp1 (Ser616) (#12749) was obtained from Signalway Antibody (College Park, MD, USA). Secondary goat anti-rabbit or rabbit anti-mouse antibodies were purchased from Proteintech. Fluorescent-labeled antibody Annexin V-FITC, Annexin V-APC, PI, 7-AAD and 10 × binding buffer were obtained from BD (Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA).
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4

Honokiol-induced Apoptosis Signaling Pathways

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Cells were collected after treatment with honokiol for 48 h and the protein concentration was measured. The electrophoresis step is to run at 70 V for 40 minutes and then at 100 V for 1 h. The cells were then blocked with bovine serum albumin for 2 h at room temperature. The following primary antibodies were used: α-tubulin), β-actin (1:1,000; Proteintech), Bcl-xl, proliferation-associated protein (PCNA), β-catenin, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), vimentin, caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3 (CC3; 1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), c-Myc (1:1,000; Abcam). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse or rabbit immunoglobulin G (1:5,000; absin, Shanghai, China).
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5

Isolation and Characterization of Wogonin

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Wogonin (purity ≥ 99%) is isolated from S. baicalensis Georgi according to previously reported protocols [31 (link)]. Wogonin was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a stock solution (100 mM) and stored at -80°C. The solution was freshly diluted with basal medium to designated concentrations, and the final concentration of DMSO will not be over 0.1%. Cells treated with the highest concentration of DMSO were used as the control in corresponding experiments. Navitoclax (CSN12932) was purchased from CSNpharm (Chicago, USA). Navitoclax powder was dissolved with DMSO to 10 mM and stored at -20°C. Primary antibodies against β-actin, GAPDH, trimethyl-histone H3-K9, BCL-2, hTERT, c-Myc, caspase-3, active caspase-3, p27, Bax, CHK2, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, CDK4, CDK6, HRP goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L), and HRP goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) were obtained from ABclonal Technology (Wuhan, China). Phospho-CHK2 (T68), phospho-p53 (Ser15), p21, and phospho-histone H2A.X (γ-H2A.X) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). p53, p16, BCL-xL, Bim, and PARP-1 were obtained from Proteintech (CA, USA).
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6

Protein Expression Analysis Methodology

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Cells were collected and added appropriate amount of IP lysate (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) for total protein; and nuclear and cytosolic isolation kit (KeyGEN BioTECH, China) for nuclear and cytosolic protein. Equal mass of protein in each sample was separated on SDS‐PAGE and transferred to PVDF membrane (Millipore, Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Then, the membrane was blocked in 5% skim milk at room temperature for 1 hour, after that the membrane was incubated with primary antibody (GAPDH, LaminB1, β‐Tubulin, cleaved‐Caspase8, 9, PARP, Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xl, Bad, PCNP, ZEB1, N‐Cadherin, E‐Cadherin were bought from Proteintech, Wuhan, China; AKT, p‐AKT, PI3K, p‐PI3K, GSK3β, p‐GSK3β, β‐catenin were bought from Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA) at 1:1000 overnight at 4℃. Next, the membrane was incubated with HRP‐conjugated Goat anti‐rabbit IgG (H + L) secondary antibody (1:5000, Proteintech, Wuhan, China) at room temperature for 60min followed by detection of protein band after addition of ECL chemiluminescence (Meilunbio, Dalian, China).
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7

Protein Expression Analysis of Key Metabolic Regulators

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The harvested cells were lysed with radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer (Beyotime, P0013B) for the extraction of total protein. Protein concentration was quantified with enhanced bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit (Beyotime, P0010). Then, lysate protein was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrophoretically transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore, ISEQ00010). The membranes were sequentially blocked and incubated overnight with the following primary antibodies: HK2 (Cell Signaling Technology, 2106), platelet-type phosphofructokinase (Cell Signaling Technology, 8164), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (Abcam, ab38007), PKM2 (Cell Signaling Technology, 4053), LDHA (Cell Signaling Technology, 3582), c-Myc (Cell Signaling Technology, 13987), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) (Cell Signaling Technology, 4223), Bcl-XL (Proteintech, 26967-1-AP), Bad (Cell Signaling Technology, 9239), Bax (Cell Signaling Technology, 9292) and β-actin (Sungene Biotech, KM9006). The protein bands were acquired as an electronic images format using a ChemiDocTM XRS+ System (Bio-Rad) with immobilon western chemiluminescent horseradish peroxidase substrate (Millipore, WBKLS0100) and quantified the intensities by Image Lab software.
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8

Western Blot Analysis of Apoptotic Regulators

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Following lysis of the cells in the presence of protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA), whole-cell lysates underwent SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with electrophoretic transfer onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA), and immunoblotted using anti-Mcl-1 (16225-1-AP), -Bcl-2 (12789-1-AP), -Bcl-xL (66020-1-Ig), -Bax (50599-2-Ig), -β-actin (66009-1-Ig), -ERK (16443-1-AP) (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA), -p-AKT (T308; AF0832), -p-AKT (S473; AF0016) (Affinity Biosciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China), -Bim (2819), -cf-Caspase 3 (9661), -p-STAT5(Y694; 9359 S) (Cell Signaling Technologies, Danvers, MA, USA), -Bak (ab69404), -p-ERK(T202/Y204; ab4819), -AKT (ab8805), -FLT3 (ab245116) (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), as previously described22 (link),23 (link). The Odyssey Infrared Imaging System (Li-Cor, Lincoln, NE, USA) was used to visualize immunoreactive proteins, as described by the manufacturer. Western blots were repeated, at a minimum three times, and one representative blot is displayed. The Odyssey V3.0 program (Li-Cor) was used to perform densitometry measurements, normalized to β-actin, and calculated as fold-change compared to the corresponding vehicle control.
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9

Naringenin Modulates Cellular Signaling

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Naringenin (Cat No. HY-N0100) and Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Cat No. HY-K0010) were purchased from MedChemExpress (NJ, USA). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, CK04) was obtained from Dojindo (Japan). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay kits (S0033S), cell lysis buffers (P0013), and enhanced BCA protein assay kits (P0010S) were ordered from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). A SteadyPure Quick RNA Extraction Kit (Code No. AG21023) was purchased from Accurate Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Hunan, China). A PE Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit I was obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, L8880) was ordered from Solarbio® Life Sciences (Beijing, China). Primary antibodies against AKT1 and phospho-AKT1 (Ser473) were supplied by Abcam. A primary antibody against caspase-3, BCL-2 and BCL-XL were supplied by Proteintech. Antibodies against NF-κB p65/RELA, phospho-NF-κB p65/RELA (Ser536), MAPK1/3, phospho-MAPK1/3 (Thr202/Thr204) and GAPDH were provided by Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, United States).
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10

β-elemene Effects on Cancer Cells

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β-elemene (99.2% purity) was purchased from the Chinese National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, with a molecular formula of C15H24 and molecular weight of 204.35. Injectable solution of β-elemene (#081152) was purchased from Dalian Holley Kingkong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Liaoning, China). Oxaliplatin was purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (#O9512, St. Louis, MO, USA). For Western blotting and/or immunochemistry, anti-CTR1/SLC31A1 antibody was purchased from Abcam (#ab129067, San Francisco, CA, USA), anti-β-actin was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (#sc-47778, Paso Robles, CA, USA), and goat-anti-rabbit IgG (#cw0103A) and goat-anti-mouse IgG (#cw0102) conjugated to horseradish peroxidase were purchased from Cwbiotech (Beijing, China). Primary antibodies of apoptotic-related molecules were purchased from Proteintech (Bcl-2(#12789-1-AP, Chicago, IL, USA), Bcl-XL (#12783-1-AP, Chicago, IL, USA), BAX (#50599-2-AP, Chicago, IL, USA), Cytochrome C(#10993-1-AP, Chicago, IL, USA)). Cell proliferation was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (#ck04, Dojindo, Kumamoto, Japan).
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