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10 protocols using neodymium 3 acetate hydrate

1

Synthesis of Rare-Earth Nanocrystals

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The nanocrystals were synthesized by thermal decomposition method in boiling oleic acid and octadecene acting as solvents51 (link),61 (link).
Neodymium(III) acetate hydrate ((CH3CO2)3Nd·3H2O with 99.9% purity), yttrium(III) acetate hydrate ((CH3CO2)3Y·3H2O with 99.9% purity), gadolinium(III) acetate hydrate ((CH3CO2)3Gd·3H2O with 99.9% purity), ammonium fluoride (NH4F of 98% purity), acetic acid (CH3CO2H of 99% purity), oleic acid (CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH of 90% purity) and 1-octadecene (CH3(CH2)15CH=CH2 with 90% purity) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH with 99.8% purity), ethanol (C2H5OH, 96% pure p.a.), methanol (CH3OH, 99.8%), n-hexane (C6H14, pure p.a.) and chloroform (CHCl3, 98.5%) were purchased from POCH S.A. (Poland). Lithium hydroxide (LiOH anhydrous with 99% purity) were purchased from Pol-Aura. All of the chemical reagents were used as received without future purification.
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2

Synthesis of Bis-Phthalocyanine Neodymium Complex

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Deuterated chloroform (CDCl3), 1-pentanol, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB), and neodymium(iii) acetate hydrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Dimethyl formamide (DMF), chloroform and dichloromethane (DCM) were purchased from MINEMA. Cadmium acetate dihydrate, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and poly(bisphenol A) carbonate were purchased from Fluka. Water was obtained from Milli-Q Water Systems (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA). The synthesis of bis-{2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetra(4-tert-buylphenoxy) phthalocyaninato} neodymium(iii) (2) was reported in our previous publication.39 (link)
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3

Synthesis of Lanthanide-Based Nanocrystals

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The materials including yttrium(III) acetate hydrate (99.9%), erbium(III) acetate hydrate (99.9%), ytterbium(III) acetate hydrate (99.99%), thulium(III) acetate hydrate (99.9%), holmium(III) acetate hydrate (99.9%), neodymium(III) acetate hydrate (99.9%), oleic acid (90%), 1-octadecene (90%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH; >98%), and ammonium fluoride (NH4F; >98%) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate (NOBF4; 98%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar and indocyanine green (C43H47N2NaO6S2), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF; anhydrous, 99.8%) were purchased from Energy Chemical. All these materials were used as received unless otherwise noted.
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4

Synthesis of Rare-Earth Oxide and Acetate Nanoparticles

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yttrium(III) oxide (Y2O3, 99.99%), ytterbium (III) oxide (Yb2O3, 99.9%), erbium (III) oxide (Er2O3, 99.99%), neodymium (III) oxide (Nd2O3, 99.99%), yttrium (III) acetate hydrate (Y(CH3COO)3, 99.99%), ytterbium (III) acetate tetrahydrate (Yb(CH3COO)3•4H2O, 99.99%), neodymium (III) acetate hydrate (Nd(CH3COO)3, 99.99%), trifluoroacetic acid (CF3COOH, 99%), sodium trifluoroacetate (CF3COONa, 98%), oleic acid (90%, tech grade) and octadecene (90%, tech grade), Indocyanine green, ammonia fluoride (NH4F, ≥99.99% trace metals basis), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, anhydrous, ≥97%) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Methanol (ACS reagent grade, ≥99.8%) and hexane (ACS reagent grade, ≥98.5%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. All chemical reagents were used as received without any further purification.
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5

Synthesis of Rare Earth Nanoparticles

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Dopamine hydrochloride was purchased from Alfa Aesar. Rare earth compounds of Yttrium (III) acetate hydrate ((CH3CO2)3Y·xH2O, 99.9%), YttErbium (III) acetate hydrate (Yb(C2H3O2)3·xH2O, 99.9%), Erbium (III) acetate hydrate ((CH3CO2)3Er·xH2O, 99.9%), Neodymium(III) acetate hydrate ((CH3CO2)3Nd · xH2O, 99.9%), 1-Octadecene (ODE, 90%), oleic acid (OA, 90%), ammonia fluoride (NH4F, ≥99.99% trace metals basis), IGEPAL® CO-520 ((C2H4O)n · C15H24O, ñ5), ammonium hydroxide solution (NH4OH, 28%) and 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma/ Aldrich. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific. All materials were used without further purification. Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ cm) was used in all experiments.
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6

Synthesis of Photosensitizer-Loaded Nanoparticles

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Erbium(III) acetate hydrate, lutetium(III) acetate hydrate, yttrium(III) acetate hydrate, yttErbium(III) acetate hydrate, neodymium(III) acetate hydrate, ammonium fluoride (NH4F), oleic acid (90%), 1-octadecene (90%), IGEPAL® CO-520, and ammonium hydroxide solution (28–30%) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxy-silane (APTES), and tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI) Co., Ltd. (Toshima, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan). mPEG2k-SC and FA/PEG5k-NHS were purchased from Biochempeg (Watertown, MA, USA). The HeLa (ATCC® CCL-2™) human adenocarcinoma cell line was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD, USA). DMEM and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Capricorn (Ebsdorfergrund, Hesse, Germany). Trypsin-EDTA and penicillin-streptomycin (P/S) solution were purchased from Corning (Corning, NY, USA). The LIVE/DEADTM viability/cytotoxicity assay kit, LysoTrackerTM Green DND-26, and singlet oxygen sensor green reagent (SOSG) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All other reagents were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich unless otherwise indicated.
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7

Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Nanoparticles

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The AIE PS of TBD was prepared as described in our previous work.47 (link) 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000]-Maleimide (DSPE-PEG-MAL) was purchased from Laysan. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Dojindo. Calcein acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM) was purchased from Biolegend. 9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid (ABDA), tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), propidium iodide (PI), yttrium(iii) acetate hydrate (99.9%), ytterbium(iii) acetate hydrate (99.9%), thulium(iii) acetate hydrate (99.9%) and neodymium(iii) acetate hydrate (99.9%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sodium sulfate (98.0%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, >98%), ammonium fluoride (NH4F, >99.99%), 1-octadecene (90%) and oleic acid (90%) were purchased from Aladdin®, China. Methanol (reagent grade), ethanol (reagent grade), and cyclohexane (reagent grade) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., China. Cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) was synthesized by GL Biochem (Shanghai) Ltd. Chlorin e6 (Ce6, ≥98%) was purchased from Cayman Chemical Company. RPMI medium, DMEM medium, and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 1×) were purchased from HyClone. Fetal calf serum was purchased from ScienCell. All the reagents were used without further purification.
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8

Synthesis of Lipid-Coated Nanoparticles

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Gadolinium(III) acetate hydrate (99%), neodymium(III) acetate hydrate (99.9%), ammonium fluoride (≥99.99%), sodium hydroxide, 1-octadecene (technical grade, 90%), oleic acid (technical grade, 90%) and cholesterol (Chol) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai Branch, China). 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabama, USA).
1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy-(polyethyleneglycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG2000) was purchased from Laysan Bio Inc (Alabama, USA). Unless otherwise mentioned, all other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All solvents and chemicals were used as received.
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9

Synthesis and Characterization of Rare-Earth Nanoparticles

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Neodymium(III) acetate hydrate (99.9%), yttrium(III) acetate hydrate (99.9%), ytterbium(III) acetate hydrate (99.9%), thulium(III) acetate hydrate (99.95%), oleic acid (OA, 90%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, ≥98%), ammonium fluoride (NH4F, ≥99.9%), ethanol (absolute), methanol (≥99.8%), cyclohexane (≥99%), tetrahydrofuran (THF, ≥99.9%), dopamine hydrochloride (≥99.9%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, ≥99.9%), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HH, 99%), N,N-dimethylformamide anhydrous (DMF, ≥99.8%), nitrosyl tetrafluoroborate (NOBF4 ≥ 95%), and PAA solution (Mw = 2000 g/mol) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. HEPES buffer (1 M) was purchased from Gibco. N-succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate (SATA), sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (sulfo-SMCC), and CD133 (Prominin-1) monoclonal antibody (12-1338-42) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA. An Amicon Ultra centrifugal filter (0.5 mL, 30 K, 5 K) was purchased from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA). Anti-EGFR antibody (ab40815), goat anti-rabbit IgG-H&L Alexa Fluor 488 (ab150077), and goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L Alexa Fluor 647 (ab150079) were purchased from Abcam, UK. A DAPI mounting kit was purchased from Vector Laboratories, Inc., Burlingame, CA, USA.
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10

Synthesis of Luminescent Nanomaterials

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Yttrium(III) acetate hydrate (99.9%), ytterbium(III) acetate hydrate (99.9%), erbium(III) acetate hydrate (99.9%), neodymium(III) acetate hydrate (99.9%), ammonium fluoride (NH4F, 98+%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%), oleic acid (OA, 90%), epirubicin hydrochloride (EPI, 90+%), and L-cysteine (L-Cys, 97%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Histidine (His, 99%) and glucose (Glu, 99%) were bought from Macklin. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was obtained from HyClone. Hydrogen chloride (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chlorate (NaCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2,) magnesium chloride (MgCl2), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), and L-glycine (L-Gly) were supplied from the China National Pharmaceutical Group Corporation. Cyanidin 3-glucoside, doxorubicin, and daunorubicin were purchased from Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology company. All chemicals and reagents were analytically pure and used without any further purification.
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