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126 protocols using n n diisopropylethylamine

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Deferoxamine Conjugate

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2-Hexadecyl-octanoic acid (TCI America, 30 mg, 59 μmol), (benzotriazol-1-yloxy) Tris-(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (Sigma-Aldrich, 29 mg, 66 μmol), and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (Sigma-Aldrich, 10 μL) were dissolved in anhydrous dichloro-methane (2 mL) and stirred at 40 °C for 10 min under nitrogen atmosphere. A solution of deferoxamine mesylate (Sigma-Aldrich, DFO, 30 mg, 46 μmol) and N,N-diisopropylethyl-amine (10 μL) in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (Sigma-Aldrich, 0.7 mL) was then added and the resulting mixture stirred for 4 h at 40 °C under nitrogen. The cloudy suspension was allowed to cool down to room temperature, and dichloromethane was removed under reduced pressure. Hydrochloric acid (0.1 M, 1 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 10 min at room temperature. The solid was filtered with 0.1 M HCl (3 × 1 mL), dimethyl sulfoxide (3 × 1 mL), water (3 × 1 mL), and, finally, dichloromethane (3 × 1 mL) and dried to yield a white solid (31 mg, 64%). MS–ES+: 1074 (M+Na)+. MS–ES: 1050 (M–H), 1086 (M+Cl)−. 1H NMR (CDCl3/CD3OD, δ, ppm): 0.55 (t, 6H), 0.92 (br, 60H), 1.06 (br, 6H), 1.27 (m, 6H), 1.32 (m, 6H), 1.76 (m, 1H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 2.15 (t, 4H), 2.46 (t, 4H), 2.87 (m, 6H), 3.29 (m, 6H).
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2

Antimicrobial Peptide Synthesis and Evaluation

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L. monocytogenes ATCCbaa751 and E. coli ATCC25922, were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Rockville, MD, USA). NovaPEG Rink Amida resin, Fmoc-protected amino acids, 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoro-borate (TBTU), Piperidine, N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIEA), Ninhydrin, Dimethylformamide (DMF), Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 1,2-Ethanedithiol (EDT), Triisopropylsilane (TIS) and Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB) were purchased in Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Cholesterol, Epikuron 200® and dioleoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (DOPE) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, Alabama, USA). Eudragit® E-100 was purchased in Evonik (Darmstadt, Germany). Ampicillin (Fersinsa Gb) was supplied by Tecnoquímicas S.A. (Cali, Colombia) and Gentamicin solution (GENFAR®, Cali, Colombia) was purchased from a local pharmacy. The datasets used and materials using during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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3

Peptide Synthesis Using Fmoc Chemistry

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Dimethylformamid (DMF) was purchased from Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany. Acetonitrile was obtained from Avantor POCH, Gliwice, PL. Peptide synthesis building blocks, Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), Piperidine, HBTU, N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIEA), triisopropylsilane (TIS), and 1,2-Ethanedithiol (EDT) were from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. 4-(2-Pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR), HEPES buffer, 5,5′-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP), and ammonium acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Fmoc Thr(t-Bu) TentaGel S PHB resin was from Rapp polymere, Tübingen, Germany.
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4

Peptide Synthesis and Lipid Preparation

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N-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected amino-acids, NovaSyn-TGR resin (loading 0.18 mM/g, 0.33 mM scale synthesis), and NovaSyn-TGRA resin (loading 0.18 mM/g, 0.33 mM scale synthesis) were purchased by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); N,N-diisopropyl-ethylamine (DIEA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, peptide synthesis grade), piperidine, dimethylformamide (DMF), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), 2-(1-H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU), triisopropylsilane (TIS), cloroform, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany). Peptide solution was prepared by dissolving lyophilized peptide in water. 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (USA). Ultrapure Milli-Q water (resistivity > 18 MΩ·cm−1) was used for all experiments.
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of PEG-NH2 Hydrogels

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Eight-arm PEG-NH2HCl (Mn = 10,000 g mol−1) was purchased from JenKem Technology USA. 5-Norbornene-2-carboxylic acid, 1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate (HATU), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), diethyl ether (DEE), deuterated water (D2O), dl-dithiothreitol (DTT), lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP), dextran sulfate sodium salt (Mn = 500,000 g mol−1), light mineral oil, and Amicon Ultra-0.5 centrifugal filter unit (3-kDa MWCO) were purchased from Merck. Regenerated cellulose dialysis tubing (1-kDa MWCO) was purchased from Spectrum Labs. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4) was manufactured by Gibco. Droplet generation oil for probes was purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc.
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6

Peptide Synthesis Reagents and Materials

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Nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate, 99.999% trace metal basis, HCl, KNO3, HNO3, HEPES, and acetic anhydride were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). N-α-9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) amino acids, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), piperidine, O-(benzotriazole-1-yl)-N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), triisopropylsilane (TIS), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA), dichloromethane (DCM), and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). TentaGel S RAM resin was obtained from Rapp Polymer GmbH (Tuebingen, Germany). The 0.1 M NaOH solution for potentiometric titrations was sourced from POCH (Gliwice, Poland) and standardized via potentiometry using potassium hydrogen phthalate (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Deionized, ultra-pure Milli-Q water was used for sample preparation.
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7

Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Protocol

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Fmoc (N-(9-fluorenyl)methoxycarbonyl)-protected amino acids, Rink-amide MBHA resin (loading 0.45 mmol/g), H-Asp(OtBu)-2-chlorotrityl-resin (loading 0.60 mmol/g), 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), piperidine, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, acetonitrile, and trifluoroacetic acid were purchased from Merck Millipore (Germany), Biosolve (The Netherland), and Iris Biotech (Germany). Triisopropylsilane, 1,2-ethanedithiol, thioanisole, and N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid was purchased from Acros Organics (Germany).
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8

Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Protocol

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Merck Millipore (Burlington, MA, United States) provided acetic acid, acetone, acetonitrile, Fmoc-protected amino acids, Bis-Boc-aminooxy acetic acid (Aoa), dichloromethane (DCM), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), ethyl cyano(hydroxyimino)acetate (Oxyma Pure), methanol, Rink amide MBHA resin, triethylamine (TEA), triethylsilane (TES), and 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluoro phosphate (HBTU). Biosolve (Valkenswaard, Holland) provided diethyl ether and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). PanReac Appli-Chem (Darmstadt, Germany) provided 2-propanol for HPLC (aldehyde and ketone free), while Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy) provided ethanol. Iris Biotech GmbH (Marktredwitz, Germany) provided N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).
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9

Peptide Synthesis and Immunoassay

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All reagents were analytical grade or equivalent, unless otherwise stated. Protected Fmoc amino acids were purchased from Novabiochem (Läufelfingen, Switzerland). Hexafluorophosphate azabenzotriazole tetramethyl uronium (HATU) was obtained from Mimotopes (Melbourne, VIC, Australia). Triisopropylsilane (TIPS) was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Scoresby, VIC, Australia). N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), methanol (MeOH), dichloromethane (DCM), acetonitrile, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), diethyl ether, 37% hydrochloric acid, piperidine and skim milk (microbiology grade) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Rink amide 4-methylbenzhydrylamine (MBHA) resin was purchased from Novabiochem (Hohenbrunn, Germany). O-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (OPD) tablets were obtained from SIGMAFASTTM—Sigma-Aldrich (Sydney, NSW, Australia). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) tablets were purchased from Gibco (Paisley, UK). Goat anti-mouse IgG-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was purchased from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). Goat anti-mouse IgG1- and IgG2a-HRP conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Invitrogen (Waltham, MA, USA). Ammonium bicarbonate, sodium alginate and Tween 20 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sydney, NSW, Australia).
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10

Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Methodology

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Acetic acid, acetone, acetonitrile, Fmoc protected Amino acids, Bis-Boc-aminooxy acetic acid (Aoa), Dichloromethane (DCM), N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), Ethyl cyano(hydroxyimino)acetate (Oxyma Pure), Methanol, Rink-Amide MBHA resin, Triethylamine (TEA), Triethylsilane (TES), 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluoro phosphate (HBTU) were purchased from Merck Millipore (Burlington, MA, USA). Diethyl ether, Trifluoroacetin acid (TFA) were purchased from Biosolve (Valkenswaard, Holland). 2-Proponal for HPLC (aldehyde and ketone free) was purchased from PanReac AppliChem (Darmstadt, Germany). Ethanol was purchased from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy). N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was purchased from Iris Biotech GmbH (Marktredwitz, Germany).
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