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Multimode atomic force microscope

Manufactured by Bruker
Sourced in Germany, United States

The Multimode atomic force microscope is a high-performance instrument designed for comprehensive nano-scale imaging and characterization. It provides precise topographical and physical property mapping of surfaces and materials at the nanometer scale.

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15 protocols using multimode atomic force microscope

1

AFM Characterization of Triblock Copolymers

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The investigated triblock
copolymers were either drop-cast directly onto small metal AFM plates
or drop-cast onto a silicone-coated dry-release film with a 300 μm
thickness (Avery Dennison) and then attached to an AFM plate using
double-sided tape. AFM height (topographic) images were collected
using the ScanAsyst PeakForce tapping mode on a Bruker MultiMode atomic
force microscope. A 2 nm silicon ScanAsyst-Air cantilever was used
to perform the measurements. The WsXM 4.0 software was used for the
image analysis, including measurements of the copolymer phase-separation
length scale.54 (link)
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2

Fibril Characterization Using AFM

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For AFM analysis, 20 μl of fibril suspension was deposited on freshly cleaved mica substrate and incubated for 5 min. The surface was then washed three times with Milli-Q H2O and dried under N2. The images were obtained by NanoScope 9.1 using scan assist mode and a silicon probe (spring constant, 40 newtons/m) on a Bruker multimode atomic force microscope equipped with Nanoscope V controller.
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3

Graphene Oxide Adsorption on Mica

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Sample preparation was completed
on freshly cleaved mica, treated with 40 μL of poly-l-lysine (Sigma-Aldrich, UK). The poly-l-lysine was used
to present a positively charged surface that would allow the adhesion
of GO. Aliquots (10 μL) of GO (100 μg/mL) were transferred
onto the mica-poly-l-lysine surface and left to adsorb for
2 min. Unbound structures were removed by gentle rinsing with 2 mL
of Milli-Q H2O and left to dry at room temperature. A multimode
atomic force microscope (Bruker, UK) was applied in tapping mode,
in order to avoid damaging the samples, for height (trace and retrace)
and amplitude measurements. Measurements were performed using an Otespa
tapping mode tip (Bruker, UK). The following parameters were employed:
scan rate, 1 Hz; lines per scan, 512; integral gain, 1; proportional
gain, 5; amplitude set point, 150 mV (maintained approximately constant
between all measurements). Scans were taken at 50, 20, 10, 5, and
2 μm (aspect ratio 1:1). Postimage processing was completed
using the Bruker Nanoscope Analysis version 1.4 software (Bruker,
UK) and included section analysis for measuring the cross-sectional
height of samples.
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4

Lipid Sample AFM Imaging

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LT samples (50 μM total lipid) were incubated on a freshly cleaved mica surface for ∼10 min and subsequently rinsed with water to remove buffer and salts. After the mica surface was allowed to dry, the samples were imaged using the tapping mode on a Digital Instruments MultiMode atomic force microscope equipped with a Nanoscope IV controller and a type E scanner (Bruker, Billerica, MA). All images were acquired using single-beam silicon probes with nominal spring constant of 40 N/m and nominal tip radius of 10 nm.
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5

AuNP and dendrimer nanoconjugate imaging

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AuNP and its dendrimer nanoconjugates were imaged using a MultiMode Atomic Force Microscope (Bruker, Santa Barbara, CA). Bruker SCANASYST cantilevers of nominal 0.7 N/m spring constant and 120 to 180 kHz resonance frequency were used for AFM imaging in PBS buffer. Prior to imaging, the vertically engaging E-scanner was calibrated for accuracy in the x,y,z direction by using a 1-μm grid with a depth of 20-nm. Mica substrates were prepared for imaging as follows. Freshly cleaved mica was modified with a 100 μL deposit of 0.01% 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) solution. After a 20 minute incubation period, the mica surface was rinsed six times with 1 mL aliquots of nanopure water and dried with compressed nitrogen. The modified mica substrate was incubated for five minutes with 10 μL of conjugate AuNP and placed in the AFM fluid cell holder for imaging. All images were collected in fluid Scanasyst mode under PBS buffer (pH 7.4) with a scan rate of 1 Hz. Digital resolution of each image was 512 x 512 pixels.
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6

Characterization of Polymeric Nanoparticles

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Absorbance spectra of SNVs were measured ranging from 400–700 nm using the Synergy H4 Hybrid Multi-mode Microplate Reader (BioTek Instruments, Inc, Winooski, Vermont) with Gen5.1.11 software. Zeta potential and hydrodynamic size were measured using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) instrument (Malvern Zetasizer Nano Series, Worcestershire, UK). Fluorescently labeled siRNA was used to calculate the amount of siRNA molecules encapsulated between the PLL layers of the SNVs. MultiMode® atomic force microscope (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA) in tapping mode under standard air conditions was used to image the topography of SNVs.
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7

Morphology and Thickness Analysis of LDH Sheets

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The surface morphology and thickness
of the LDH
sheets were analyzed using a Bruker Multimode atomic force microscope,
Germany, in the tapping mode. The as-synthesized LDH in water and
the sonicated LDH suspension in xylene were coated on silicon wafers.
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8

Imaging of AuNP and Dendrimer Nanoconjugates

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AuNP and its
dendrimer nanoconjugates were imaged using a MultiMode Atomic Force
Microscope (Bruker, Santa Barbara, CA). Bruker SCANASYST cantilevers
of nominal 0.7 N/m spring constant and 120–180 kHz resonance
frequency were used for AFM imaging in PBS buffer. Prior to imaging,
the vertically engaging E-scanner was calibrated for accuracy in the x, y, z direction by using
a 1 μm grid with a depth of 20 nm. Mica substrates were prepared
for imaging as follows. Freshly cleaved mica was modified with a 100
μL deposit of 0.01% 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) solution.
After a 20 min incubation period, the mica surface was rinsed six
times with 1 mL aliquots of nanopure water and dried with compressed
nitrogen. The modified mica substrate was incubated for 5 min with
10 μL of conjugate AuNP and placed in the AFM fluid cell holder
for imaging. All images were collected in fluid SCANASYST mode under
PBS buffer (pH 7.4) with a scan rate of 1 Hz. Digital resolution of
each image was 512 × 512 pixels.
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9

Sperm Morphology Analysis by AFM

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All sample imaging was performed using a Multimode Atomic Force Microscope (Bruker; Santa Barbara, CA), mounted on a vibration-free table to ensure reproducibility. Samples were imaged in the air using a tip (Bruker) with a spring constant of 0.32 N/m. After optimization of feedback gains and scan speed (typically 1.0 Hz, 1 line/second), sperm images were obtained using a contact-mode AFM and morphological structures were processed using the NanoScope Analysis software by manual tracing of spermatozoa. A total of 60 spermatozoa were analyzed for both the boars and stallions, with the length of the head, midpiece and tail, as well as the head width being considered.
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10

Visualizing Micro-scale Structures

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The chelate, β-CD, and microcapsules solutions (15 μL, 100 μg/mL) were applied to a mica matrix and dried at 25 °C for 12 h. AFM images were obtained using a multi-mode atomic force microscope (Bruker Corporation, Germany) with a scanning range of 5 μm.
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