Lipoteichoic acid lta from s aureus

Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB), Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) and MRS powder were obtained from AoBoX (China). Bovine serum albumin (BSA), Triton X-100, polymyxin B, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), BODIPY-TR-cadaverine (BC), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 3,3′-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine (disc_3–5), ethanol (analytical grade, 99%), tertiary butanol (analytical grade, 99%), acetone (analytical grade, 99%), glutaraldehyde (synthetic grade, 50% in H₂O), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from S. aureus and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (China). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc chloride, magnesium chloride, and ferric chloride were purchased from Kermel (China). Glucose (analytical grade) was obtained from Zhiyuan (Guangdong, China). DMEM phenol red-free medium and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Gibco (Beijing, China). All these reagents were used according to the required concentration range.

Rink amide 4-mehylbenzhydrylamine resin, N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) amino acids, and other reagents for peptide synthesis were purchased from Calbiochem-Novabiochem (La Jolla, CA, USA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from P. aeruginosa, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from S. aureus, 3,3′-dipropylthiadicarbocyanineiodide (DiSC3-5), N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (NPN), and propidium iodide (PI) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

LPS from E. coli (serotype 0111:B4, cat# L3024), Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from S. aureus (cat# tlrl-pslta) and LPS-EB Biotin from E. coli (cat# tlrl-lpsbiot) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Lipid A from E. coli (serotype R515, cat# ALX-581-200-L002) was purchased from AH Diagnostics.