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4 aminopyridine

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4-aminopyridine is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It serves as a potassium channel blocker, which can be employed in various experimental applications. This product is intended for research use only and its core function is to assist in the study of ion channel behavior and related biological processes.

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Lab products found in correlation

Bicuculline, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Iberiotoxin, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Glibenclamide, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Human pdgf bb, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Elisa kit, by Enzo Life Sciences (2 mentions) Imatinib, by Novartis (2 mentions) Bicuculline, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Cgp 52432, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Imatinib, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Sq22536, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Kt5720, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Kt5823, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) L name, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Brain derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf), by R&D Systems (1 mentions) Mouse flag m2 antibody, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Sar405, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Gfp mouse antibody, by Roche (1 mentions) Serotonin hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Acetylcholine chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Tetrodotoxin, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)

10 protocols using 4 aminopyridine

1

Pharmacological Seizure Induction

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4-Aminopyridine (100 mM), the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline (100 μM), and the GABAB antagonist CGP52432 (100 μM) were purchased from Tocris Cookson (Ellisville, MO, USA), dissolved in physiological saline, and administered by local application on the S1 region. For seizure induction in freely moving animals, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 50 mg/kg), which causes alterations in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems, was dissolved in saline and intraperitoneally injected.
Chang W.J., Chang W.P, & Shyu B.C. (2017). Suppression of cortical seizures by optic stimulation of the reticular thalamus in PV-mhChR2-YFP BAC transgenic mice. Molecular Brain, 10, 42.
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2

Nebulized Imatinib and Cellular Signaling

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Imatinib was provided by Novartis (Basel, Switzerland); nebulized Imatinib was solved in aqua at a concentration of 10 mM. SQ22536, KT5720, KT5823, glibenclamide, iberiotoxin, 4-aminopyridine and DMPQ were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, Missouri, USA). ET-1 was acquired from BIOTRENDS (Wangen, Switzerland) and SU6668 and ponatinib were acquired from Biomol (Hamburg, Germany). L-Name or standard laboratory chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). The ELISA-kits were acquired from Enzo (Lörrach, Germany). Human PDGF-BB was delivered by Peprotech (Hamburg, Germany).
Maihöfer N.A., Suleiman S., Dreymüller D., Manley P.W., Rossaint R., Uhlig S., Martin C, & Rieg A.D. (2017). Imatinib relaxes the pulmonary venous bed of guinea pigs. Respiratory Research, 18, 32.
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3

Antibodies and Pharmacological Agents for Neuronal Imaging

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The following antibodies were used: VAMP2 rabbit antibody (#104202; Synaptic System), SV2 mouse antibody (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank), Flag M2 mouse antibody (#1804; Sigma-Aldrich), tubulin mouse antibody (#t9026; Sigma-Aldrich), mCherry rabbit antibody (#5993; BioVision), Myc mouse antibody (9E10; Santa Cruz), Hrs rabbit antibody (D7T5N; Cell Signaling), Hrs mouse antibody (ab56468; Abcam), GFP mouse antibody (#11814460001; Roche), KIF13A rabbit antibody (PA5-30874; Thermo Fisher Scientific), KIF13B mouse antibody (6E11; Santa Cruz), neurofilament and β-actin mouse antibodies (2H3 and 8-7A5; Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank). Pharmacological agents were used in the following concentrations and time courses: cycloheximide (Calbiochem, 0.2 μg/μl, 24 h), bicuculline (Sigma-Aldrich, 40 μM, 5 min-2h or 20 h), 4-aminopyridine (Tocris Bioscience, 50 μM, 5 min-2h or 20 h), BDNF (R&D Systems, 50 ng/ml, 1 h), TTX (Tocris Bioscience, 0.5 μM, 2 h), Rapamycin analogue linker drug (AP21967; Clontech, 100 nM, 3 h), SAR405 (Millipore Sigma-Aldrich, 1 μM, 24 h), and Janelia Fluor 549 SNAPtag ligand (Janelia Research Campus, 200 nM, 30 min). Unless otherwise indicated, all other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Birdsall V., Kirwan K., Zhu M., Imoto Y., Wilson S.M., Watanabe S, & Waites C.L. (2022). Axonal transport of Hrs is activity dependent and facilitates synaptic vesicle protein degradation. Life Science Alliance, 5(10), e202000745.
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4

Comparative Neuropharmacology: Chemical Agents and Media

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L-Glutamic acid, acetylcholine chloride, serotonin hydrochloride, (−)-epinephrine, dopamine hydrochloride and tetraethylammonium chloride were purchased from sigma-aldrich. Other chemicals such as GABA, D-AP5, CNQX, bicuculline, tetrodotoxin and 4-aminopyridine were purchased from tocris bioscience. In case of illicit drugs like methamphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, 3,4-dichloromethylphenidate, LY-2183240, 4-EA-NBOMe and AB-CHFURYCA (purity >98.5%) were obtained from Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (Cheongju, Republic of Korea). NeurosightⓇ-S EP Maintenance (EPM) Media and NeurosightⓇ-S Plating Maintenance Media (PMM) were purchased from NEXEL corporation. Stock solutions of chemicals and drugs were prepared as each manual on the day of the experiments. Used chemicals were listed on Table 1.
Kang K.R., Kim C.Y., Kim J., Ryu B., Lee S.G., Baek J., Kim Y.J., Lee J.M., Lee Y., Choi S.O., Woo D.H., Park I.H, & Chung H.M. (2022). Establishment of Neurotoxicity Assessment Using Microelectrode Array (MEA) with hiPSC-Derived Neurons and Evaluation of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS). International Journal of Stem Cells, 15(3), 258-269.
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5

Inducing Neuronal Activity to Study circHomer1

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To examine the hypothesis that circHomer1 is activity dependent circRNA, neuronal activity was induced by using a combination of Bicuculine and 4-Aminopyridine. (+)-Bicuculline (Cat. No. 0130 – Tocris Bio-Techne Corporation), that is a potent GABAa antagonist, was added at a dose of 35uM while 4-Aminopyridine (Cat. No. 0940 – Tocris Bio-Techne Corporation), that is a Kv channel blocker, was added at a concentration of 100uM.
Mellios N., Papageorgiou G., Gorgievski V., Maxson G., Hernandez M., Otero M., Varangis M., Dell’Orco M., Perrone-Bizzozero N, & Tzavara E. (2024). Regulation of neuronal circHomer1 biogenesis by PKA/CREB/ERK-mediated pathways and effects of glutamate and dopamine receptor blockade. Research Square.
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6

Determining Monosynaptic Afferent Inputs

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To determine whether afferent inputs were monosynaptic, we utilized a combination of two methods. In a subset of experiments, we performed a pharmacological test following integration measurements, using TTX (Tocris) and 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP, Tocris) (Petreanu et al., 2009 (link)). Inputs were considered monosynaptic if the EPSP could be recovered in 4-AP (100–500 μM) after 1 μM TTX application. After recovery, we applied a combination of AMPA- and NMDA receptor blockers – 2,3-Dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[f]quinoxaline-7-fulfonamide (NBQX, 10 μM, Tocris) and 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5, 50 μM, Tocris), respectively – to confirm synaptic responses were indeed glutamatergic. The shortest EPSP latency, measured prior to TTX application, of inputs failing the TTX/4-AP test was 4.0 ms. Thus, we chose 4 ms as our latency cutoff which was then applied post hoc to all experiments. Recordings where inputs failed either the pharmacological or latency test were removed from further analyses.
Rindner D.J., Proddutur A, & Lur G. (2022). Cell-type specific integration of feedforward and feedback synaptic inputs in the posterior parietal cortex. Neuron, 110(22), 3760-3773.e5.
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7

Pharmacological Compounds Acquisition

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Sotalol, chlorpromazine, mexiletine, E-4031, nifedipine, tetrodotoxin (TTX), and 4-aminopyridine were purchased from Tocris Cookson and dissolved in distilled water. Fibronectin was purchased from Gibco.
An J.R., Mun S.Y., Jung I.K., Kim K.S., Kwon C.H., Choi S.O, & Park W.S. (2023). New in vitro multiple cardiac ion channel screening system for preclinical Torsades de Pointes risk prediction under the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay concepta. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology : Official Journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology, 27(3), 267-275.
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8

Pharmacological Modulators of Vascular Signaling

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Pentobarbital (Narcoren) was purchased from Merial (Hallbergmoos, Germany), gelatin from porcine skin from Sigma-Aldrich and low melting point agarose from GERBU (Heidelberg, Germany). ET-1 was purchased from BIOTRENDS (Wangen, Switzerland). Glibenclamide, iberiotoxin, 4-aminopyridine and amlodipine were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, Missouri, USA). Human PDGF-BB was provided by Peprotech (Hamburg, Germany). Imatinib and nilotinib were kindly provided by Novartis (Basel, Switzerland). Standard laboratory chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). The ELISA-kits were acquired from Enzo (Lörrach, Germany).
Rieg A.D., Bünting N.A., Cranen C., Suleiman S., Spillner J.W., Schnöring H., Schröder T., von Stillfried S., Braunschweig T., Manley P.W., Schälte G., Rossaint R., Uhlig S, & Martin C. (2019). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors relax pulmonary arteries in human and murine precision-cut lung slices. Respiratory Research, 20, 111.
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9

Preparation of Drug Stock Solutions

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Dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE), nomifensine maleate salt, GBR 12935, L-741,626, 4-Aminopyridine and nystatin were purchased from Tocris Bioscience. Cocaine, methyl-β-cyclodextrin and ws-cholesterol were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. nystatin was purchased from Abcam. Drugs were dissolved in distilled water, DMSO (GBR 12935, L-741,626, probucol and nystatin) or 0.1 M HCl (nomifensine) to make stock aliquots at 1,000–10,000× final concentrations and stored at −20°C until required. Stock aliquots were diluted with oxygenated aCSF to the final concentration immediately before use. nystatin and methyl-β-cyclodextrin and ws-cholesterol were prepared fresh prior to each use.
Threlfell S., Mohammadi A.S., Ryan B.J., Connor-Robson N., Platt N.J., Anand R., Serres F., Sharp T., Bengoa-Vergniory N., Wade-Martins R., Ewing A., Cragg S.J, & Brimblecombe K.R. (2021). Striatal Dopamine Transporter Function Is Facilitated by Converging Biology of α-Synuclein and Cholesterol. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 15, 658244.
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10

Pharmacological Modulation of Neuronal Excitability

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The following drugs were perfused in aCSF: 100 µM AP5 ([2R]-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, an Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, Tocris; IC 50 = ~50 µM), 10 µM CNQX (6-cyano-7nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, an AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, Tocris; IC 50 = 1.5 µM), 2 µM bicuculline (ionotropic g-aminobutyric acid or GABA A receptor antagonist, Sigma-Aldrich; IC 50 = 2 µM), 0.5 µM TTX (tetrodotoxin, a Na + channel blocker, Abcam; IC 50 < 10 nM), and 100 µM 4-AP (4-aminopyridine, a Kv1 channel blocker, Tocris; IC 50 = 147 µM). All drugs were perfused throughout the experimental protocol and washed out for at least 30 min after the end of the protocol.
Lee J., Choi J., & Rah J. (2020). Frequency-dependent gating of feedforward inhibition in thalamofrontal synapses.
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