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9 protocols using mastercycler nexus gradient thermocycler

1

RNA Isolation and qRT-PCR Analysis

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RNA isolation was carried out with PAXgene™ Blood RNA kit (Qiagen) according to Manual Purification of Total RNA from Human Whole Blood Collected into PAXgene Blood RNA Tubes protocol. The quality and integrity of the total RNA were assessed by visualization of the 28S/18S/5.8S rRNA band pattern in a 1.2% agarose gel. Electrophoreses were carried out at 95 V for 20 min in TBE buffer (Tris – Boric Acid – EDTA). 0.5 μg of total isolated RNA from each sample in volume 20 μl were used for cDNA synthesis by reverse transcription using the High–Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems) according to the procedures of producer on Mastercycler Nexus Gradient thermocycler (Eppendorf). To ensure the absence of genomic DNA contamination, negative controls were included in the reverse transcriptase reaction.
The qRT–PCR complied with the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real–time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines. Gene transcripts – TET1, TET2, TET3, TDG, SLC23A1, SLC23A2 were analyzed by relative quantitative real–time RT–PCR (qRT–PCR) using relevant primers and short hydrolysis probes substituted with Locked Nucleic Acids from Universal Probe Library – UPL, see Supplementary information.
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2

Junction PCR Screening for Targeted Clones

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Clones were screened for targeting events by junction polymerase chain reaction (JPCR, Fig. 1d). One primer binding outside of the left homology arm (5’ HA, Fig. 1d) and the other primer binding inside the PAC gene were used to screen for clones that properly incorporated the PAC gene. Reactions were performed using a Mastercycler Nexus Gradient thermocycler (Eppendorf, Hauppauge, NY) with primers Sim1_Fwd_Junction1 and Puro_Reverse Junction1 (Table 1 and Fig. 1d) at 95 °C for 60s, followed by 35 cycles of 94 °C for 20s, 60 °C for 30s, and 72 °C for 120 s.
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3

RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis Protocol

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RNA extractions were carried out according to the GeneJET RNA Purification Kit Total RNA Purification Protocol (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc,, Waltham, MA, USA). RNA quality and quantity was analyzed spectrophotometrically using a BioDrop µLITE (BioDrop, Cambridge, UK, USA). The iScript cDNA Synthesis Kit for reverse transcription PCR (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) was used according to the manufacturer’s instructions using 360 ng of RNA and carried out in an Eppendorf Mastercycler Nexus Gradient thermocycler (Eppendorf, Hauppauge, NY, USA) according the reaction protocol provided by iScript.
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4

Viral Heat Inactivation Temperature

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Clarified allantoic viruses, standardized to 128 HA units, were incubated in PBS for 40 min at temperatures ranging from 45 °C to 70 °C in a Mastercycler nexus gradient thermocycler (Eppendorf, Germany). After incubation, viruses were titrated by hemagglutination assay with 0.75% chicken erythrocytes. The temperature which resulted in a decrease of 6 log2 units in the hemagglutination titer was taken as the temperature of HA heat inactivation [57 (link)].
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5

Synthesis and Preparation of Oligonucleotide Complexes

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DNA and hybrid DNA/LNA oligonucleotides were synthesized with high-performance liquid chromatography purification by Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT) and Exqion, respectively. Reporter complexes were also labeled by IDT with 5′ TET fluorophores and 3′ Iowa Black FQ quenchers. Once received, the oligonucleotides were suspended in a 1× TE buffer (10 mM Tris—HCl, pH 8.0, 1 mM ethylenediaminete- traacetate (EDTA)). The stock concentrations were measured from their 260 nm absorbance using the extinction coefficients provided by IDT and Exqion. To minimize the loss from nonspecific binding, poly-T oligonucleotides were added to the dilute stock solutions (less than 1 μM) to reach a final poly-T concentration of 1 μM. Unless stated otherwise, chemicals and solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The 10× TAE buffer (40 mM Tris, 40 mM acetate, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8.3–8.5) was purchased from Hoefer or Fisher Scientific. To reach a final concentration of 125 mM Mg2+, Mg(C2H3O2)2·4H2O was added to the 10× TAE buffer. The oligonucleotide components were diluted to 30 μM in a 1× TAE buffer with 12.5 mM Mg2+ and then annealed at 95 °C for 5 min using a Eppendorf Mastercycler Nexus Gradient Thermocycler. Once annealed, the samples were cooled from 95 °C to room temperature over ∼90 min to form the substrates and reporters used in the below listed experiments.
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6

Mitochondrial DNA Amplification and Sequencing

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The PCR mixture contained 10× Gold buffer (Applied Biosystems, USA), 2 μL of 25 mM MgCl2, 0.5 μL of 10 mM dNTPs, 0.5 + 0.5 μL of 10 μM L15995 + H16498, 0.2 μL of 5 U/μL AmpliTag Gold DNA polymerase (Applied Biosystems, USA), 0.1–1 ng of DNA, and H2O to a final volume of 25 μL. The PCR program was as follows: 95 °C for 10 min, 40× (95 °C for 15 s, 55 °C for 30 s, 72 °C for 1 min), and 72 °C for 30 min.
PCR was performed using a MasterCycler Nexus gradient thermocycler (Eppendorf, Germany). The resulting amplicons were visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA clean-up of the amplified fragments excised from the gel was performed using a Zymoclean Gel DNA recovery Kit (ZymoResearch, USA). Sanger sequencing was performed using a SeqStudio 3200 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA). Raw data processing was performed using Sequencing Analysis Software v6.0 (Applied Biosystems, USA).
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7

DNA Methylation Profiling of Gene Promoters

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Bisulfite sequencing was used to determine the percentage methylation at individual CpG sites within the Art3, Pcdhb6, Rsp16, Tspo, and Wnt16 promoters. Details of PCR conditions and primers are detailed in Table 2. Briefly, 1 µl of diluted bisulphite-treated DNA was added as a template in a PCR reaction using 10 µl Hot Star Taq mastermix (Qiagen), 1 µl of forward, and reverse primers (at a concentration of 10 pmol/µl) in a total volume of 20 µl. Amplification was carried out in a Mastercycler Nexus Gradient thermocycler (Eppendorf) using the following protocol; 95°C for 15 min, then 40 cycles of 95°C for 30 s, annealing temperature for 1 min, 72°C for 1 min, followed by 72°C for 5 min. Three microlitres of PCR product was used for visualization on a 1% agarose-TAE gel subjected to electrophoresis to confirm the presence of a PCR product. The remaining 17 µl PCR products were subsequently purified for sequencing using Thermo Scientific GeneJET™ PCR Purification Kit (Fisher Scientific, UK) to remove primers, dNTPs, and other impurities from the PCR product, according to the manufacturers’ instructions.
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8

DNA Aptamer and Origami Assays

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DNA sequences, including FAM- and 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA)-modified aptamers (TBA1: GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG and TBA2: AGTCCGTGGTAGGGCAGGTTGGGGTGACT), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich with high-performance liquid chromatography–grade purity (Merck, Germany). The peptide substrates [FAM-GGfPR|SGGGK(BHQ-1)K-Aaa-OH with Aaa = G, K, or D] were purchased from Intavis Peptide Services GmbH (Germany). Human α-thrombin (2000 National Institutes of Health U/mg) was purchased by Cayman Chemical (#13188, Germany). DNA origami structures were designed with caDNAno (https://cadnano.org) and assembled using a 1:6 molar ratio between the M13mp18 ssDNA scaffold (40 nM) and each of the staple strands, in TEMg 1× buffer [20 mM tris, 2 mM EDTA, and 12.5 mM MgCl2 (pH 7.6)]. Thermal annealing was performed by decreasing the temperature from 80° to 20°C at −1°C/min on a Thermocycler Mastercycler nexus gradient (Eppendorf), upon an initial denaturation at 80°C for 5 min. DNA origami samples were purified by polyethylene glycol precipitation. Their concentration was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or spectrophotometrically (see below) and adjusted to the final desired value in the assay buffer before use for the enzymatic studies.
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9

DNA Origami Structural Assembly

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DNA origami structures were designed with caDNAno (www.cadnano.org) and assembled using a 1:50 molar ratio between the M13mp18 ssDNA scaffold (2 nM) and each of the staple strands, in 1× TEMg buffer. Thermal annealing was performed by decreasing the temperature from 80 °C to 20 °C at −1 °C/min on a Thermocycler Mastercycler nexus gradient (Eppendorf), upon an initial denaturation at 80 °C for 5 min. The reaction mixtures were then analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis using 0.75% agarose (Biozym) in 1× TBEMg, at 80 V for 2 h at 4 °C. 1 kbp DNA ladder was purchased from Roth. The gel was scanned with a Typhoon FLA 9000 (GE healthcare Life Sciences) at different wavelengths and finally stained with ethidium bromide (Merck). The full list of sequences is provided in Supplementary Data 1.
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