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6 protocols using horseradish peroxidase conjugated anti mouse igg

1

Quantifying smMLCK Enzymatic Activity

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To assess CaM-dependent and independent enzymatic activity of smMLCK, the construct used in AFM experiments was incubated with human RLC (NP_291024.1) in the presence and absence of Ca2+/CaM and the phosphorylation of RLC serine 19 was probed.
10 nM smMLCK was mixed with 10 µM RLC, 500 µM ATP in 20 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM DTT, 500 µM ATP in the presence of either 40 nM CaM/1 mM CaCl 2 or 1 mM EGTA and incubated at 20°C. Samples were taken at various intervals with the reaction quenched by addition of SDS-PAGE loading buffer.
Samples containing 300 ng RLC were run on SDS-PAGE alongside BioRad Precision Plus protein marker, transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane, incubated in 5% milk at room temperature for 45 min and probed with Cell Signaling Technology antibody 3671 against phospo-myosin light chain 2 (Ser19) in 5% milk for 2 hr at room temperature. The membrane was washed with low-salt buffer (10 mM Tris (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween-20) three times and then incubated with horseradish peroxidase conjugated anti-mouse IgG (Dako P0260) in 5% milk for 45 min. After washing three times in low-salt buffer the membrane was stained using the enhanced chemiluminescence method.
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2

HLA I/Peptide Complex Binding ELISA

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ELISAs were performed between indirectly coated HLA I/peptide complexes and phage clones or Fab antibodies [32 (link)]. Plate-bound streptavidin (5 µg/ml) was incubated with biotinylated HLA I/peptide complexes at 4 µg/ml. To confirm correct folding of HLA I/peptide complexes, we used the conformation-specific monoclonal antibody Tü155 (kindly provided by A. Ziegler, Berlin, Germany). Fab antibodies were incubated with indirectly coated HLA I/peptide complexes at a concentration of 10 µg/ml for 1 h at room temperature. Fab binding was confirmed using the murine anti-myc antibody 9E10 (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) and a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark). Bound phages were detected using the murine IgG antibody M13 (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Sweden).
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3

Generating Anti-IRE1α Antibody Protocol

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Anti-IRE1α was prepared as follows. cDNA encoding the cytosolic domain (1513–3054) corresponding to amino acids 465–977 of mouse IRE1α (GenBank Accession No. NM023913) was amplified using pcDNA3.1 (+) mIRE1α 33 (link) as a template and 5′-ACATGCATGCACTTACCCCCTGAGCGTG-3′ and 5′-ACGCGTCGACTCAGAGGGCATATGGAATCACT-3′ as primers. The amplified DNA was digested with SphI and SalI and cloned into a pQE80L vector (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) to produce the His-tagged protein in Escherichia coli. Antigens were purified as previously described34 (link). For immunization, a rabbit was injected with an emulsion containing 0.2 mg antigen and Sigma Adjuvant System (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), for 4 times with 3-week intervals between injections; antiserum was collected at 10 days after the final injection. Anti-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), anti-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), anti-phospho-eIF2α, and anti-β-actin were purchased from Affinity BioReagents/Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA), Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA), Biosource (Camarillo, CA), and Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO), respectively. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG and anti-rabbit IgG were purchased from DAKO (Glostrup, Denmark) and GE Healthcare (Little Chalfont, UK), respectively.
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4

Quantifying Kidney Fibrosis Using Trichrome and IHC

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Masson’s trichrome staining (Sigma-Aldrich), and Sirius red staining (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) were performed to evaluate glomerular sclerosis. For the immunohistochemical assays, paraffin-embedded kidneys were cut into 4-μm-thick slices, deparaffinized, and hydrated using xylene and ethanol. Endogenous streptavidin activity was blocked using 3% hydrogen peroxide. The deparaffinized sections were stained with an anti-KLF2 antibody for kidneys and then incubated with horseradish-peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA, USA, K3954). Next, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich) was used for immunohistochemical detection. Finally, all samples were counterstained with Mayer’s hematoxylin (Sigma-Aldrich) and evaluated under a light microscope (DFC-295; Leica, Mannheim, Germany). For each sample, five fields (X400) were randomly selected, and blue- (Masson’s trichrome staining) as well as brown-stained areas (immunohistochemistry) that reflected kidney fibrosis were quantified using computer-based morphometric analysis (Qwin 3; Leica). Scoring was performed in a blinded manner using the mean values of the positive areas (%).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of p62 and β-Actin

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siRNA-transfected cell lysates were prepared in 3 wells from a 24-well plate using SDS and electrophoresed on an SDS–10% polyacrylamide gel. The separated proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane using the iBlot Dry Blotting System (Life Technologies). p62 and β-actin protein were detected by the iBind Western System (Life Technologies) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The first antibodies used were as follows: 0.5 μg/ml of mouse monoclonal anti-p62 antibody (clone 2C11, Abcam) and 0.1 μg/ml of mouse monoclonal anti-β-actin antibody (clone 8226, Abcam). The second antibody used was 2 μl/ml of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark). The chemiluminescence was detected with Light-Capture (Atto, Tokyo, Japan) and quantified by the CS Analyzer (Atto). The signal intensity of the p62 protein band was normalized to the β-actin expression level.
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6

Evaluation of Scaffold Encapsulation in Rat

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Scaffolds implanted in rat subcutaneous tissue were resected with surrounding tissue, embedded in OCT compound (Sakura Finetek, Tokyo, Japan), and sectioned by cryostat. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunostaining for CD68, which was present on the macrophage, were performed. For immunostaining, anti-rat CD68 antibody (AbD Serotec, Oxford, UK) as the first antibody and horse radish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG as the secondary antibody (DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark) were used. Stained samples were observed and photographed by Coolscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Encapsulation thickness around implanted scaffold was measured on picture of HE staining. In brief, three points of fibrous connective tissue existing as thin membrane between scaffold and host body wall were measured on picture. Average encapsulation thickness was calculated and each value was statistically compared with the thickness of non-coat scaffold by student’s t test.
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