The mineralogical and chemical compositions of the minerals and solid residues were determined based on wave dispersive spectrometry (ARL Advant’X 4200, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Walthamm, MA, USA), X-ray diffraction “XRD” (XRD-7000, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), scanning electron microscopy “SEM” (JSM-6390LV, Jeol, Tokyo, Japan) with a JED 2300 Energy Dispersive X-ray Analyzer (EDX) (Jeol, Tokyo, Japan), wet analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry “ICP-MS” (Elan 9000, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) and laser diffraction (Helos/BR, Sympatec, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany). The solid materials were ground in a planetary mill (Pulverisette 6, Fritsch GmbH & Co. KG, Welden Germany) and dissolved in an aqua regia before ICP-MS analysis. The sulfur content was analyzed using a carbon/sulfur analyzer (CS 230, LECO, St. Joseph, MI, USA). Solution samples were analyzed by ICP-MS.
Helos br
Manufactured by Sympatec
Sourced in Germany
The HELOS BR is a laser diffraction particle size analyzer manufactured by Sympatec. It is designed to measure the size distribution of particles in a sample. The instrument uses the principle of laser diffraction to determine the particle size based on the angular distribution of light scattered by the sample.
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Lab products found in correlation
6 protocols using helos br
1
Comprehensive Mineral Composition Analysis
2
Particle Size Distribution of Adenosine Receptor Agonists
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The primary particle size distributions (PSDs) of the micronised and spray-dried adenosine receptor agonists were measured with a HELOS BR laser diffraction apparatus (Sympatec, Germany) using a 100-mm (R3) lens and the FREE calculation mode based on the Fraunhofer theory. The powders were dispersed with a RODOS disperser at 3 bar (Sympatec). All measurements were performed in duplicate.
3
Particle Size Characterization of Diluted Formulations
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A sample of the formulations prepared by the pharmacists was diluted in purified water (1:1000 dilution) and particle size was determined by laser diffraction using a HELOS BR laser detection sensor (Sympatec, Clausthal-Zellerfield, Germany). Five replicates of each sample were taken and measured over the range of 0.2–85 μm.
4
Comprehensive Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Powders
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Particle size distribution of both types of HAp was measured at least five times using a laser diffractometer (HELOS/BR, Sympatec GmbH, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany). The measurements were performed using a RODOS technique for dry powder, where samples were placed in the powder feeder and air pressurized at 0.2 bar.
The Na, Mg, Ca, P and heavy metals contents from both HAp powders were obtained by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical emission spectroscopy, ICP-OES (Ultima2, Horiba, NY, USA). Characterization of powder morphology and microstructure of sintered ceramics, before and after SBF exposure was performed by scanning electron microscopy- electron microprobe analyzer, SEM-EPMA (JXA-8530F, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) at 6 kV electron acceleration voltage and a secondary electron detector. Grain size was quantified following the ASTM E112 standard [18 ] (lineal intercept method) from at least four micrographs recorded at different magnifications (500–2500×).
The Na, Mg, Ca, P and heavy metals contents from both HAp powders were obtained by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical emission spectroscopy, ICP-OES (Ultima2, Horiba, NY, USA). Characterization of powder morphology and microstructure of sintered ceramics, before and after SBF exposure was performed by scanning electron microscopy- electron microprobe analyzer, SEM-EPMA (JXA-8530F, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) at 6 kV electron acceleration voltage and a secondary electron detector. Grain size was quantified following the ASTM E112 standard [18 ] (lineal intercept method) from at least four micrographs recorded at different magnifications (500–2500×).
5
Particle Size Analysis of Powders
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Particle size of powders was measured by laser diffraction technique using particle size analyzer HELOS/BR and dry disperser RODOS with feeder VIBRI/L from Sympatec (Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany). The measuring range of the lens was 0–175 µm. Approximately 2 g of each powder was placed in the feeder tray and the run started at trigger condition of 2% Copt (optical concentration) for 10 sec with powder dispensing pressure of 3 bar. Volume mean diameter (VMD) was recorded for all four powders and all the measurements were carried out in triplicate.
6
Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analysis
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