Schiff reagent

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Schiff reagent is a chemical compound used in analytical chemistry and biochemistry. It is a colorless solution that turns pink or purple when exposed to aldehydes, making it useful for the detection and identification of these compounds.

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Lab products found in correlation

Periodic acid, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Periodic acid solution, by Merck Group (9 mentions) Leica microscope, by Leica camera (3 mentions) Vcx105, by Sonics (3 mentions) Hematoxylin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Alcian blue, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Acetic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Ethanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Mounting medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Smp 20 cytophotometer opton, by Zeiss (2 mentions) Periodic acid, by Carl Roth (2 mentions) α amylase, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Paraffin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Glibenclamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Isoflurane, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) P nitrophenyl α d glucopyranoside, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Polyethylene glycol 400, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cellulose tlc plates, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

55 protocols using schiff reagent

PAS Staining of Lipopolysaccharide

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Brain sections with PVWM were incubated in 0.5% periodic acid (Sigma) for 5 min at room temperature followed by washing in tap water for 1 min. Sections were then incubated in Schiff reagent (Sigma) for 10 min followed by washing in tap water for 10 min. Sections were mounted with an aqueous mounting medium and cover slipped.
To further confirm that PAS stains LPS, purified LPS from E. coli, serotype O111:B4 (L2630, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and its mutant form of E. coli, serotype J5 (ALX-581-014-L002, Enzo Biochem) were used for PAS staining. LPS from E. coli O111:B4 was purified by phenol extraction and dissolved in endotoxin free water. LPS from E. coli J5 is purified by a modification of the PCP extraction and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water. Bovine serum albumin (BSA, 23209, Pierce™, Thermofisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used as a control. Three microliters of samples from each concentration of LPS and BSA were spotted onto the nitrocellulose membrane and air dried for 30 min. The membrane was washed with PBS followed by 0.5% periodic acid (Sigma) for 5 min at room temperature before washing in PBS. The membrane was then incubated in Schiff reagent (Sigma-Aldrich) for 10 min followed by washing in PBS. The intensity of PAS staining was measured using NIH Image J software.

Zhan X., Hakoupian M., Jin L.W, & Sharp F.R. (2021). Lipopolysaccharide, Identified Using an Antibody and by PAS Staining, Is Associated With Corpora amylacea and White Matter Injury in Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Brain. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 13, 705594.

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Periodic Acid-Schiff Staining of Colon Sections

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1% Periodic acid solution (Sigma-Aldrich) was used to incubate deparaffinised colonic sections for 10 min. And then Schiff reagent (Sigma-Aldrich) was used for incubation for 40 min. The PAS-stained sections were counterstained with Hematoxylin for 2–5 min. Extensive PBS solution was used to rinse well between each step.

Jin D., Liu T., Dong W., Zhang Y., Wang S., Xie R., Wang B, & Cao H. (2017). Dietary feeding of freeze-dried whole cranberry inhibits intestinal tumor development in Apcmin/+ mice. Oncotarget, 8(58), 97787-97800.

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Periodic Acid-Schiff Staining Protocol

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Colon sections were incubated with 1% periodic acid solution (Sigma-Aldrich) for 10 min, and with Schiff reagent (Sigma-Aldrich) for 40 min subsequently, and followed by haematoxylin dye for 5 min.

Li L., Li X., Zhong W., Yang M., Xu M., Sun Y., Ma J., Liu T., Song X., Dong W., Liu X., Chen Y., Liu Y., Abla Z., Liu W., Wang B., Jiang K, & Cao H. (2019). Gut microbiota from colorectal cancer patients enhances the progression of intestinal adenoma in Apcmin/+ mice. EBioMedicine, 48, 301-315.

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Glycogen Quantification in Renal Tissue

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Glycogen in mouse renal tissue was measured using PAS staining method. Briefly, renal tissue sections were fixed in 4% PFA and embedded in paraffin wax. The 5 µm paraffin section were thoroughly deparaffinized by incubating twice with xylene, each time 3 min. Once the slides were rehydrated with decreasing concentrations of ethanol, 0.5% (w/v) PAS (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) was applied to specimens and incubated for 15 min at room temperature. The oxidation process was terminated by washing the slides with dH₂O and the aldehyde production was detected by immersing the slides in Schiff reagent (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) for 15 min. Counterstaining was performed by incubation with hematoxylin for 1 min, followed by rinsing under tap water. The slides were air-dried and examined under a Leica microscope.

Chen Y.Y., Hong H., Lei Y.T., Zou J., Yang Y.Y, & He L.Y. (2022). ACE2 deficiency exacerbates obesity-related glomerulopathy through its role in regulating lipid metabolism. Cell Death Discovery, 8, 401.

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Quantifying Mucin 2 in LS174T Cells

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The content of mucin 2 in the intracellular and cell supernatants was measured using the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) assay. The PAS assay in LS174T cells used a previously reported method.^{28 (link)} In brief, LS174T cells (∼2 × 10⁶ cells) were disrupted in PBS using sonication (VCX105; Sonics, Newtown, CT, USA) to obtain soluble proteins. Protein concentration was determined using a BCA protein assay kit. Cellular soluble fractions and culture medium were incubated with 0.1% periodic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) for 2 h at 37°C. Next, the Schiff reagent (Sigma-Aldrich) was added and incubated for 30 min at 37°C. The OD of the resulting solution at 550 nm wavelength was taken as a measure of the amount of PAS-positive product present. The PAS OD value was expressed as the fold change relative to the mean value of the control sample.

Xiong W., Ma H., Zhang Z., Jin M., Wang J., Xu Y, & Wang Z. (2019). The protective effect of icariin and phosphorylated icariin against LPS-induced intestinal goblet cell dysfunction. Innate Immunity, 26(2), 97-106.

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Glycogen Content Analysis in Uterine Tissue

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Paraffin slides were incubated at 60 °C overnight, deparaffinized in 3 changes of Xylene, and rehydrated in Ethanol of gradually decreasing concentration (100-95-70%) to DI H₂O. To assess the glycogen content, neighboring serial sections were treated with either 1 mg/ml of α-amylase (Sigma-Aldrich), to break down glycogen, or DI H₂O, keeping glycogen intact, for 30 min at 37 °C. Next tissue was oxidized in 0.5% periodic acid solution (5 min), rinsed in distilled water, and placed into Schiff reagent (15 min; Sigma-Aldrich). For visualization, untreated slides were additionally counterstained in Mayer’s hematoxylin (1 min), washed in tap water (5 min). After subsequent washing (5 min), slides were dehydrated, and cover slipped. For analysis, slides without hematoxylin stain were analyzed with the Celleste software (version 6.0.0). Smart segmentation was used to select the uterine tissue. Manual sectioning was then conducted to retain only the largest endometrial area and mean intensity of red luminescence was measured on this area. The difference in intensity of red luminescence was compared between neighboring slides to determine the amount of glycogen broken down by α-amylase and statistical significance was evaluated with a Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank sum test using R version 4.1.1⁷⁹.

Pavličev M., McDonough-Goldstein C.E., Zupan A.M., Muglia L., Hu Y.C., Kong F., Monangi N., Dagdas G., Zupančič N., Maziarz J., Sinner D., Zhang G., Wagner G, & Muglia L. (2024). A common allele increases endometrial Wnt4 expression, with antagonistic implications for pregnancy, reproductive cancers, and endometriosis. Nature Communications, 15, 1152.

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Alcian Blue and Schiff Staining for Goblet Cells

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Sections were deparaffinised and stained with alcian blue (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA; A5268) for 15 min. After washing with distilled water, they were treated with periodic acid (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA; p7875) for 5 min, washed in distilled water for 3 min, and then stained with Schiff reagent (Sigma St. Louis, MO, USA; 3952016) for 10 min. After rinsing sections under running tap water for 5 min, the nuclei were stained with haematoxylin for 1 min. Sections were then dipped into acid alcohol, dehydrated and mounted. Goblet cell counts and mucus layer thicknesswere determined using the ZEN Desk software.

Chatterjee I., Getselter D., Ghanayem N., Harari R., Davis L., Bel S, & Elliott E. (2023). CHD8 regulates gut epithelial cell function and affects autism-related behaviors through the gut-brain axis. Translational Psychiatry, 13, 305.

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Periodic Acid-Schiff Staining of Colon Sections

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Deparaffinized colonic sections were incubated with 1% periodic acid solution (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 10 min and later with Schiff reagent (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 40 min. After that, these slices were counterstained with hematoxylin for 2–5 min. Each well was rinsed by PBS solution between every step.

Zheng R., Ma J., Wang D., Dong W., Wang S., Liu T., Xie R., Liu L., Wang B, & Cao H. (2018). Chemopreventive Effects of Silibinin on Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis by Inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Mediators of Inflammation, 2018, 1562010.

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Phytochemical Screening and Enzyme Inhibition Assay

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Acetic acid, di-sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, ethanol, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, n-butanol, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate anhydrous, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and TLC cellulose plates (catalog number 105552) were obtained from Merck^® (Darmstadt, Germany). Methanol was obtained from Fisher Chemicals^® (Leicestershire, UK). Fast blue B salt was obtained from Fluka^® (Buchs, Switzerland). Diphenylboric acid-β-ethylamino ester, eosin, gallic acid, glibenclamide, hematoxylin, isoflurane, paraffin, periodic acid, polyethylene glycol-400, protocatechuic acid, Schiff reagent, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich^® (Steinheim, Germany). 2-naphthyl-β-D-glucopyranoside was obtained from Aldrich^® (Milwaukee, WI, USA). 2-naphthyl-α-D-glucopyranoside was obtained from Glycosynth^® (Warrington, UK). Formalin solution, neutral buffered, 10%, was purchased from VWR Chemicals^®. All used reagents were of analytical grade.

Encarnação S., De Mello-Sampayo C., Carrapiço B., São Braz B., Jordão A.P., Peleteiro C., Catarino L., da Silva I.B., Gouveia L.F., Lima B.S, & Silva O. (2022). Anacardium occidentale Bark as an Antidiabetic Agent. Plants, 11(19), 2637.

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Quantifying Mucus Glycoprotein Levels

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hESC-GCs treated with CCh or PCSK were disrupted in PBS using sonication (Sonics VCX105, USA) to obtain soluble proteins. Protein concentration was measured with a BCA protein assay kit. All proteins from different groups were diluted to the same concentration. The method to measure the mucus glycoprotein was previously described (48 (link), 49 (link)). Briefly, cellular soluble fractions and culture media from different groups were first incubated with 0.1% periodic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) for 2 hours at room temperature, followed by the addition of the Schiff reagent (Sigma-Aldrich) and further incubation for 30 min at room temperature. The optical density value of the resulting solutions was taken at 550-nm wavelength as a measure of the amount of PAS-positive contents. Data were expressed as the fold change relative to the mean value of the control group.

Zhao A., Qin H., Sun M., Tang M., Mei J., Ma K, & Fu X. (2021). Chemical conversion of human epidermal stem cells into intestinal goblet cells for modeling mucus-microbe interaction and therapy. Science Advances, 7(16), eabb2213.

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