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Frontier instrument

Manufactured by PerkinElmer
Sourced in United States

The Frontier instrument is a laboratory equipment manufactured by PerkinElmer. It is designed for spectroscopic analysis, capable of performing infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The core function of the Frontier instrument is to provide accurate and reliable data for chemical identification and characterization.

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5 protocols using frontier instrument

1

Chlorella sp. Proximate Analysis and SEM

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Analyses of the quality of the microalgae Chlorella sp., including proximate (lipid and protein) analysis, were performed before mask placement (control) and at the end of the experiment (3 months after mask placement). The proximate analysis began with the collection of Chlorella sp., and the wet biomass was then dried in an oven, at 30–35 °C for 24 h, to produce dry biomass.
Fourier-transform–infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis was performed using a Perkin Elmer-type Frontier instrument (MA, USA) by collecting the spectrum from 4000–400 cm−1 using the SNI 19–4370-2004 and ASTM D6288-89 methods on Chlorella sp. dry biomass based on ISO-846 and ISO-11266 standards (Lucas et al. 2008 ; Schmitt et al.1998 ).
A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination was conducted on dried Chlorella sp. biomass that was metalized with Au at room temperature (microscope model JSM-6510 LA, US). To study the presence of microorganisms on the material’s surface, images were acquired at original magnifications of × 1000, × 3000, × 5000, and × 10,000 according to ISO-846 and ISO-11266 (Lucas et al 2008 ).
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2

ATR-FTIR Analysis of Lignocellulosic Fillers

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Attenuated total reflection (ATR) FTIR analyses of the 14 types of lignocellulosic fibrillated fillers after carrying out Dry-P, Wet-DM-4, and Wet-DM-10 in the dry state using a Frontier instrument (PerkinElmer Inc., U.S.A.). All spectra were obtained by accumulation of 32 scans in the 4000–600 cm−1 range. The resolution was 4 cm−1. All the IR spectra obtained for each sample (14 types × 3 processes = 42 samples) were transformed as follows.
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3

Heteropoly Acid-Catalyzed Organic Synthesis

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All reactions were carried
out in a flame-dried glass apparatus under an open atmosphere using
analytical reagent-grade dried solvents procured from Aldrich, Alfa
Aser, Thomas Baker, etc. Heteropoly acids were purchased from Thomas
Baker, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates were purchased from
Loba. The products were separated using 100–200 mesh silica
for column chromatography, with 5% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether
as the mobile phase; characterized by 1H NMR, using DMSO-d6 or CDCl3 (0.01% TMS) as the solvent,
on a 200 MHz frequency Bruker instrument; and compared with authentic
samples reported in the literature. FT-IR spectroscopy was performed
on a PerkinElmer frontier instrument in the ATR (PIKE make) mode at
RT.
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4

Thermal, Structural, and Wetting Properties of Cellulose Pulp Fibers

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The thermal stability of the CP in natura was evaluated by thermogravimetry analyses (TG) and Derivative Thermogravimetry using a thermogravimetric Analyzer from NETZSCH, TG209F1 Libra (Netsch, Selb, Germany). Approximately 7 mg of sample were used in the TG/Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) analyses, with a heating rate of 10 °C/min and temperature ranging from 28 to 900 °C, under a dynamic nitrogen atmosphere and a flowrate of 20 mL/min.
The Fourier Transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) analysis of the CP, CPT150, and CPT200 fibers were performed using the Frontier instrument (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) at a spectral range between 400–4000 cm−1, with a resolution of 4 cm−1.
The surface morphology of the CP, CPT150, and CPT200 fibers were characterized with a field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM-FEG), Zeiss Auriga 40 (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), with a power of 15 kV. The fibers were coated with a gold film by sprinklers.
The contact angle measurement (θ) of water and oil in samples CP, CPT150, and CPT200 were performed in a Tensiometer, model K100C (Krüss, Hamburg, Germany).
For the recording of microscopic images regarding the lumen and sorvido oil inside, we used a BIO1B binocular biological optical microscope (Bel Photonics, Monza, Italy).
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5

FTIR Spectral Characterization of Samples

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FTIR spectra were recorded on a FT-IR Bruker Vertex 70 Spectrophotometer (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) and on a PerkinElmer Frontier instrument (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) equipped with an ATR accessory with a diamond/ZnSe crystal. The IR spectra were acquired between 4000 and 400 cm−1.
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