1800 pc uv vis spectroscope

Electrochemical measurements including impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed on a CHI760E electrochemical workstation (China). The three-electrode system consists of a platinum counter electrode, an Ag/AgCl (3.0 M KCl) reference electrode, and a glassy carbon working electrode (GCE, 3.0 mm diameter). Morphology images were obtained on a JEOL-JSM-7500 scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Japan). The optical characterization was conducted using a Mapada 1800 PC UV-Vis spectroscope (China) from 200–800 nm and ultra-pure water was used as the reference. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization was performed on a Nicolet MX-1E spectroscope (USA). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted using a Rigaku Dmax2200 diffractometer (Japan). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed using a NETZSCH 299-F1 analyzer (Germany).

The electrochemistry tests were conducted at a CHI 760E workstation (ChenHua, China). A Talos F200S transmission electron microscope (FEI, USA) and a Merlin Compact scanning electron microscope (Zeiss, Germany) provided the morphology results. Samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were prepared by placing a drop of precipitate (dispersed in water by ultrasonication for 10 min) on a carbon-coated copper grid and allowing it to dry in air. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were implemented with a D8 Advance diffractometer (Bruker, Germany). The Raman spectra of the CuO nanostructures were recorded on a LabRAM HR Evolution spectrophotometer equipped with an Ar ion 514 nm laser (Horiba, Japan). The X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were recorded on a K-Alpha spectrometer (Thermo, USA). The absorption spectral study was performed using a 1800PC UV-Vis spectroscope (Mapada, China) with a deuterium lamp as the irradiation source and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as the reference. A ZEN3690 Zetasizer (Malvern, UK) was applied to measure the zeta potential and size distribution, and the test temperature was 25 °C, the number of cycles was 10, and the dispersant was water.