Cefoxitin

Manufactured by Mast Group

Sourced in United Kingdom

Cefoxitin is a cephalosporin antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It functions as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.

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Lab products found in correlation

8 protocols using cefoxitin

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Isolates

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The samples were tested for their susceptibility against a panel of 11 antibiotics by using a standard disc diffusion method^{46 (link)}. The antibiotics tested were the following: oxacillin (1 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), mupirocin (20 µg), amoxicillin (10 µg), erythromycin (15 µg), tetracycline (10 µg), cefoxitin (30 µg), cefepime (30 µg), fusidic acid (10 µg), penicillin (1 unit) and chloramphenicol (30 µg) (Mast Group, Merseyside, UK). Antibiotic profiles of each isolate ware determined according the recommendation of the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC)^{46 (link),47}.
In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for oxacillin and cefoxitin were determined using E-tests (Biomerieux, Basingstoke, UK)^{46 (link),47}.

Cave R., Misra R., Chen J., Wang S, & Mkrtchyan H.V. (2019). Whole genome sequencing revealed new molecular characteristics in multidrug resistant staphylococci recovered from high frequency touched surfaces in London. Scientific Reports, 9, 9637.

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Antibacterial Susceptibility Testing Protocol

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Antibacterial susceptibility test of isolates to cefepime (30 µg), cefotaxime (30 µg), cefoxitin (30 µg), ceftazidime (30 µg), ceftizoxime (30 µg), cefpodoxime (10 µg), imipenem (10 µg), meropenem (10 µg), ertapenem (10 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), amikacin (30 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), and norfloxacin (10 µg) (Mast Group Ltd., Bootle, UK) was determined by disk diffusion method on Müller–Hinton agar media (Laboratorios CONDA, Madrid, Spain) according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).12 Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isolates to cefotaxime, cefepime, and imipenem was determined by microbroth dilution method according to CLSI. To determine MIC of colistin and tigecycline by microbroth dilution method, we used the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing recommendations (http://www.eucast. org/clinical-breakpoints). Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were used as standard strains in antibacterial susceptibility testing.

Kiaei S., Moradi M., Hosseini-Nave H., Ziasistani M, & Kalantar-Neyestanaki D. (2018). Endemic dissemination of different sequence types of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains harboring blaNDM and 16S rRNA methylase genes in Kerman hospitals, Iran, from 2015 to 2017. Infection and Drug Resistance, 12, 45-54.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of P. aeruginosa

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At first, the susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa isolates to ceftazidime-avibactam (30µg/20µg) and ceftolozane-tazobactam (30µg/10µg) (MAST Co. UK) was assayed using disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). Then, the susceptibility patterns of the ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam resistant isolates to the other antibiotics, including imipenem (10μg), ertapenem (10μg), cefotaxime (30μg), cefoxitin (30µg), ceftazidime (30µg), cefepime (30µg), amikacin (30μg), gentamicin (10μg), ciprofloxacin (5μg), nitrofurantoin (300µg), levofloxacin (10μg), aztreonam (10μg), and fosfomycin (200µg) (MAST Co, UK), were evaluated.10 (link) For performing disk diffusion method, isolates were cultured on Muller-Hinton agar plates (Merck, Germany) and the other procedures were performed according to the CLSI recommendations.11
P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was used as a control strain.
After disk diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the resistant isolates to both CZA and C/T in disk diffusion was measured. MIC was assessed using the microdilution broth method, according to the recommendations of CLSI.11 Then, MIC of selected antibiotics including imipenem, ceftazidime, amikacin, aztreonam, and ciprofloxacin was evaluated against the resistant isolates to both CZA and C/T. In this assay, E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were used as control strains.

Rahimzadeh M., Habibi M., Bouzari S, & Asadi Karam M.R. (2020). First Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Tehran, Iran. Infection and Drug Resistance, 13, 533-541.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Protocol

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Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was carried out by the disc diffusion method, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (CLSI) (5 (link)). The used antibiotic discs (MAST Group LTD, Merseyside, UK) were: ceftazidime (30 μg), aztreonam (30 μg), carbenicillin (100 μg), piperacillin (100 μg), ticarcillin (75 μg), cotrimoxazole (25 μg), amikacin (30 μg), cefepime (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), tobramycin (10 μg), meropenem (10 μg), imipenem (10 μg), cefoxitin (30 μg), and piperacillin/tazobactam (100/10 μg).

Rafiee R., Eftekhar F., Tabatabaei S.A, & Minaee Tehrani D. (2014). Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum and Metallo β-Lactamase Production in AmpC β-Lactamase Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates From Burns. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 7(9), e16436.

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Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of CoNS

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The resistance patterns of CoNS isolates were evaluated by disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines,17 using following antibiotic disks: linezolid 30 µg, quinupristin/dalfopristin15 µg, ticarcillin 75 µg, cotrimoxazole 25 µg, clindamycin 2 µg, daptomycin 30 µg, and cefoxitin 30 µg (MAST Co., Berkshire, UK).

Khosravi A.D., Roointan M., Abbasi Montazeri E., Aslani S., Hashemzadeh M, & Taheri Soodejani M. (2018). Application of tuf gene sequence analysis for the identification of species of coagulase-negative staphylococci in clinical samples and evaluation of their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Infection and Drug Resistance, 11, 1275-1282.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Isolates

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Antibiotic susceptibility of all isolates to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin, cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefepime, cipr ofloxacin, ofloxacin, nalidixic acid, aztreonam, tetracycline, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, and imipenem (Mast Co., UK) was carried out on Muller-Hinton agar (Oxoid Co., UK) using the disk diffusion method as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).10
E. coli ATCC 25,922 was used as the quality control strain for antibacterial susceptibility testing. The isolates non-susceptible to ≥1 agent at least three of antibiotic categories were defined as MDR.11 (link)

Haghighatpanah M, & Mojtahedi A. (2019). Characterization of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of Escherichia coli strains isolated from Iranian inpatients with urinary tract infections. Infection and Drug Resistance, 12, 2747-2754.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methodology

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Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates was performed by the disk diffusion method for ampicillin (10 μg), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (20/10 μg), piperacillin/tazobactam (30/6 μg), cefuroxime (30 μg), cefotaxime (5 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), ceftazidime (10 μg), cefoxitin (30 μg), cefepime (30 μg), ceftazidime/avibactam (10/4 μg), ceftolozane/tazobactam (30/10 μg), imipenem (10 μg), meropenem (10 μg), ertapenem (10 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), levofloxacin (5 μg), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1.25/23.75 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), and amikacin (30 μg) (Mast Group, UK). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were detected by the gradient strip method for fosfomycin (BioMerieux) and the broth microdilution method for colistin (Microlatest MIC Colistin, Erba Lachema, Czech Republic). Interpretative criteria were based on European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoint tables, version 11.0.

Rubic Z., Jelic M., Soprek S., Tarabene M., Ujevic J., Goic-Barisic I., Novak A., Radic M., Tambic Andrasevic A, & Tonkic M. (2023). Molecular characterization of colistin resistance genes in a high-risk ST101/KPC-2 clone of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a University Hospital of Split, Croatia. International Microbiology.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility of Isolates

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Antibiotic susceptibility of all isolates to amikacin, ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, imipenem, cipro oxacin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), ceftazidime, cefoxitin and gentamicin (Mast Co., UK) was performed on Muller-Hinton agar plates (Merck Co., Germany) using the disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines [17] . E. coli ATCC 25922 was used as the quality control strain. MDR was de ned as non-susceptibility to ≥ 1 agent in ≥ 3 different antibiotic classes [18] .

Moradi M., Khashei R., Malekzadegan Y., & Sarvari J. (2021). Emergence of OXA-10 and OXA-48 like carbapenemases among Enterobacter isolates from inpatients in southern Iran.

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