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3 protocols using palmitic acid methyl ester

1

Fatty Acid and Methyl Ester Standards for Lipid Analysis

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The following fatty acid and fatty acid methyl ester standards were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Gillingham, Dorset, UK): tricosanoic acid (C23:0), behenic acid (C22:0), cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid (C20:2 Δ11,14), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), cis-10-pentadecanoic acid (C15:1Δ10), pentadecanoic acid methyl ester (C15:0) (PDA), palmitic acid methyl ester (C16:0), palmitoleic acid methyl ester (C16:1Δ9), cis-10-heptadecanoic acid methyl ester (C17:1Δ10), stearic acid methyl ester (C18:0), elaidic acid methyl ester (t-C18:1Δ9), oleic acid methyl ester (C18:1Δ9), linolelaidic acid methyl ester (t-C18:2 Δ9, 12) linoleic acid methyl ester (C18:2 Δ9,12), arachidic acid methyl ester (C20:0), linolenic acid methyl ester (C18:3 Δ9,12,15), heneicosanoic acid methyl ester (C21:0), all-cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid methyl ester (C20:3 Δ11,14,17), arachidonic acid methyl ester (C20:4 Δ5,8,11,14), all-cis-13,16-docosadienoic acid methyl ester (C22:2 Δ13,16), lignoceric acid methyl ester (C24:0), nervonic acid methyl ester (C21:1 Δ15), docosahexanoic acid methyl ester (C22:6 Δ4,7,10,13,16,19) (DHA), all-cis-8,11,14-eicosaterinoic acid methyl ester (C20:3 Δ8,11,14), erucic acid methyl ester (C22:1 Δ13). All solvents used (methanol n-hexane and dichloromethane) were CHROMASOLV HPLC grade (Sigma Aldrich, UK). Hydrogen chloride (1.25 M) in methanol was purchased from Fluka Analytical (UK).
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2

Extraction and Characterization of Fatty Acids

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In this study, methanol (MeOH), anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium hydroxide (KOH), methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and deionized water (>18 MΩ∙cm resistivity) were used. The aforementioned products were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Life Science Chemilab S.A., Athens, Greece). Supelco™ (Munich, Germany) 37 component fatty-acid methyl ester (FAME) mix was also used. The FAME mix contains the methyl esters of 37 fatty acids (catalog no. 47885-U) in a concentration of about 2% and 4% of each fatty-acid methyl ester. Palmitic acid methyl ester and tridecanoid acid in FAME mix were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich in 6% and ≥99% concentrations, respectively.
Also, Folin–Ciocalteu, sodium carbonate in anhydrous crystal form, gallic acid, ethanol, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), methanol, and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were used as compounds and for antioxidant activity determinations.
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3

Fabric Surface Modification using Methyl Palmitate

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Methyl palmitate or palmitic acid methyl ester (99.8% purity) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (BKK, Thailand) . The pure cotton and pure polyester fabrics were supplied by Testfabrics, Inc. (Middlesex, NJ, USA) . The extended surfactant (C 12,13 -(PO) 4 -SO 4 Na) , a branched alcohol propoxylate sulfate sodium salt with 12-13 carbon numbers and approximately four PO units, had an active content of 30 wt% and was donated by Sasol North America (Lake Charles, LA) . Sodium mono-and dimethyl naphthalene sulfonate (SMDNS) with an active content of 45-55 wt%, was purchased from CKWitco (Houston, TX) . Commercial detergent (Breeze ® excel liquid detergent) , a leading brand was purchased from a local market and used for comparison purposes. Oil red O (solvent Red 27, No. 26125) was bought from the Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. and sodium chloride (NaCl) was purchased from LabScan Asia Co., Ltd. De-ionized (DI) water was used to prepare all solutions.
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