Electronic radial-type or convex-type echoendoscopes (GF-UE260-AL5, GF-UCT260; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) with an ultrasound processor (ALOKA ProSound SSD α-10; Aloka Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; ARIETTA 850; FUJIFILM Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan) were used for the EUS procedures which were performed by several endosonographers who had at least 10 years of experience in EUS. The latter employed the extended pure harmonic detection method with the mechanical index set at 0.25. After reconstitution with 2 mL of sterile water for injection, 0.7 mL of the contrast agent (Sonazoid®; GE Healthcare Pharm, Tokyo, Japan) was administered through a peripheral vein for CH-EUS. Vascularity and vascular pattern were assessed by two endosonographers (who had at least 10 years EUS experience) after recording the EUS images. When independently gained assessments differed between the two reviewers, reevaluation was performed between the reviewers until an agreement was reached.
Prosound ssd α 10
Manufactured by Aloka
Sourced in Japan
The ALOKA ProSound SSD α-10 is a diagnostic ultrasound system designed for general medical imaging. It features a compact and lightweight design, a high-resolution display, and advanced imaging technologies to support clinical decision-making.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
3 protocols using prosound ssd α 10
1
Contrast-Enhanced Harmonic EUS Assessment
2
EUS and CH-EUS for Portal Vein Invasion Assessment
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EUS including CH-EUS was performed by endosonographers, each with the experience of more than 1000 EUS procedures. The procedure was conducted using a linear-type echoendoscope (GF-UCT260; Olympus Medical Systems Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and imaging equipment (ALOKA Prosound SSD α-10 or F75 System; ALOKA Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Extended pure harmonic detection-CHE and/or -THE mode was used to perform CH-EUS. Sonazoid (0.015 mL/kg body weight; Daiichi-Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan) was used as the ultrasound contrast agent. EUS and CH-EUS videos were stored in a recording system. Invasion of the portal vein was evaluated during the late phase after 50–60 s after injection of Sonazoid. In accordance with a previous study, portal vein invasion was defined as disruption of the continuity of the vascular wall [Figure 1 ].[8 (link)] Absence of portal invasion was defined as noninterruption of the line of the portal vein wall [Figure 2 ]. Sweeping scanned EUS and CH-EUS videos were evaluated separately. Two readers (S. Omoto and T. Yamazaki for EUS, A. Nakai and K. Kamata for CH-EUS), both of whom were blinded to the clinical findings, reviewed the stored data. When the independent conclusions of the two reviewers differed, the reviewers re-evaluated the stored videos until agreement was reached.
3
Contrast-Enhanced Harmonic EUS for Pancreatic Lesions
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EUS (GF-UE260-AL5, GF-UCT260; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) with ultrasound observation systems (ALOKA ProSound SSD α-10; Aloka Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) was performed under sedation. Fundamental B-mode EUS was initially performed. After using the fundamental B-mode, CH-EUS was performed for the differential diagnosis of the pancreatic lesion. CH-EUS was performed with the extended pure harmonic detection method for which the mechanical index was set at 0.35. Sonazoid (Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was used to perform CH-EUS. It is a second-generation ultrasonography contrast agent composed of perfluorobuthane microbubbles whose median diameter was 2–3 μm [8 (link)]. Vascular patterns were continuously assessed in real-time after infusion of contrast agent. Two endosonographers evaluated EUS images When there was a conflicting assessment between the two reviewers, they re-evaluated the data together until an agreement was reached. First, they evaluated whether a pancreatic nodule was present or not. Second, when a nodule was present, they evaluated whether the nodule was hypovascular compared to the surrounding tissue. Pancreatic cancer was defined as a hypovascular nodule on CH-EUS.
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