Whatman gf f glass fiber filters

Manufactured by Cytiva

Sourced in Germany

Whatman GF/F glass fiber filters are high-quality filtration media designed for a variety of applications. They are made from borosilicate glass fibers and offer consistent pore size and high flow rates. These filters are suitable for a range of sample types and are commonly used in laboratory settings.

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Lab products found in correlation

Whatman, by Cytiva (8 mentions) 10 au fluorometer, by Turner Designs (1 mentions) Trolox, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Nucleopore filter, by Cytiva (1 mentions) Whatman gf f filters, by Cytiva (1 mentions)

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8 protocols using whatman gf f glass fiber filters

Quantifying Aqueous Organic Carbon and Seston

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Total organic carbon (TOC) in selected aqueous samples was measured by means of AURORA Model 1030 (I.O. Analytical) using the persulphate/100 °C wet oxidation method. The amount of carbon dioxide was measured with IR detector. The method detection limit was 0.01 mg C/l; relative standard deviation (RSD) of the method was 3 %.
Suspended solids were weighted after filtration through Whatman GF/F glass fiber filters and desiccation at 105 °C. The amount of seston was expressed as dry weight. Chlorophyll a concentrations were determined by the spectrophotometric method based on 0.5–1-l samples filtered through Whatman GF/F glass fiber filters. Pigments were extracted with 90 % acetone during 24 h in the dark at 4 °C, and the calculations were carried out using Lorenzen’s formula.

Dąbrowska A., Nawrocki J, & Szeląg-Wasielewska E. (2014). Appearance of aldehydes in the surface layer of lake waters. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(7), 4569-4580.

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Seawater Nutrient and Chlorophyll Analysis

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Twelve milliliter of seawater for dissolved inorganic nutrients was collected and stored frozen at −20°C until further analysis at the home lab. Nitrate (NO₃⁻), nitrite (NO₂⁻), phosphate (PO₄³⁻), and silicate (SiO₄²⁻) concentrations were analyzed with a QuAAtro gas segmented continuous flow analyzer (SEAL analytical) following standard methods (Murphy and Riley, 1962 (link); Strickland and Parsons, 1968 ; Grasshoff et al., 1983 ). Detection limits were 0.023, 0.01, 0.007, and 0.030 μM for nitrate + nitrite, nitrite, phosphate, and silicate, respectively.
Chl-a concentration was measured spectrophotometrically after filtering 1 L of seawater onto GF/F Whatman glass fiber filters. Chl-a from microbes retained on the filters was extracted in cold acetone (90%) for 24 h and analyzed with a turner-designs 10AU fluorometer. Phaeopigments concentration was analyzed after adding two drops of 1.2 N HCl. The measurements prior to and after acidification were used to calculate concentration of Chl-a and phaeopigments, respectively (Holm-Hansen et al., 1965 ; Lorenzen, 1967 (link)).

Mena C., Reglero P., Balbín R., Martín M., Santiago R, & Sintes E. (2020). Seasonal Niche Partitioning of Surface Temperate Open Ocean Prokaryotic Communities. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 1749.

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Size-fractionated Chlorophyll-a Analysis

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Seawater samples (1 L) for total Chl-a concentration were filtered through GF/F Whatman glass fiber filters and stored at -20°C. Additionally, seawater (1 L) was filtered onto 20 and 2 μm Nucleopore polycarbonate filters to evaluate size-fractionated Chl-a during BLUEFIN-2016 cruise. All filters were stored at -20°C until further processing at the home lab. Total and size-fractionated Chl-a were extracted in cold acetone (90%) for 24 h and analyzed using a Turner-Designs 10AU Fluorometer following Holm-Hansen et al. (1965) (link) method. Picoplankton and nanoplankton Chl-a fractions were calculated by subtracting the 2 μm Chl-a from the total Chl-a concentration and the 20 μm Chl-a from the 2 μm Chl-a concentration, respectively. Microplankton Chl-a fraction corresponded to the 20 μm Chl-a concentration.

Mena C., Reglero P., Hidalgo M., Sintes E., Santiago R., Martín M., Moyà G, & Balbín R. (2019). Phytoplankton Community Structure Is Driven by Stratification in the Oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 1698.

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Nutrient and Chlorophyll Analysis in Seawater

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The inorganic nutrient concentrations nitrate and nitrite (NO₃^-; NO₂^-), and orthophosphate (PO₄^3-) were determined colorimetrically using a AA3 HR Seal Analytical auto-analyzer according to the procedures described by Aminot & Kerouel [37 ]. Total Chlorophyll a (T-Chl a) concentration was determined fluorometrically after filtering 1 dm³ seawater onto 25-mm Whatman GF/F glass fiber filters [38 ]. Particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations were determined from samples taken at surface and 50 m depth. Samples (1 to 2L) were filtered onto pre-combusted Whatman GF/F glass-fiber filters and were analysed using a Euro EA Elemental Analyser. All these environmental measurements meet the quality control and protocols of SOMLIT (http://somlit-db.epoc.u-bordeaux1.fr/bdd.php).

Pedrotti M.L., Mousseau L., Marro S., Passafiume O., Gossaert M, & Labat J.P. (2017). Variability of ultraplankton composition and distribution in an oligotrophic coastal ecosystem of the NW Mediterranean Sea derived from a two-year survey at the single cell level. PLoS ONE, 12(12), e0190121.

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Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution in D. chodatii

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Photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates of D. chodatii were measured under increasing photon flux densities from 0 to 1580 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹ according to Karsten et al. (2010b (link)) and Prelle et al. (2019 (link)). Presens Fibox3 oxygen optodes (Presens, Germany) and 4 × 3 mL thermostatic acrylic chambers DW1 (Hansatech Instruments, UK) combined with magnetic stirrers were used at an ambient temperature of 20 °C. The O₂ production per photon flux density and time was normalized to the amount of total chlorophyll a per sample. After photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I) curve measurements, the cell suspension was filtered onto Whatman GF/F glass fiber filters (Whatman, Dassel, Germany). Chlorophyll a was extracted with 90% aqueous ethanol (v/v) overnight at 4 °C and quantified according to Ritchie (2008 (link)). P-I curve data were calculated and fitted by the mathematical photosynthesis model of Walsby (1997 (link)) with the SOLVER-function from Excel (Microsoft Office 365) which allowed the calculation of the three parameters: α (positive slope at limiting photon flux densities), I_C (light compensation point), and I_K (initial value of light-saturated photosynthesis).

Medwed C., Holzinger A., Hofer S., Hartmann A., Michalik D., Glaser K, & Karsten U. (2021). Ecophysiological, morphological, and biochemical traits of free-living Diplosphaera chodatii (Trebouxiophyceae) reveal adaptation to harsh environmental conditions. Protoplasma, 258(6), 1187-1199.

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Determination of Antiradical Power in K. crenulatum

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For determination of the antiradical power of fresh and 2.5 h desiccated K. crenulatum cells, a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-test using 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carbonacid (Trolox, Sigma Aldrich, Germany) as standard was used according to the methods of [46] (link). K. crenulatum cultures were filtered according to the above-mentioned procedure onto Whatman GF/F glass fiber filters (Whatman, Dassel, Germany) and wrapped in aluminum foil, either immediately as a control (n = 3) or after desiccation for 2.5 h over silica gel (n = 3). Filters were then frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80°C prior to lyophilization. Lyophilized algae were then extracted in plastic vials containing 5 mL of 70% acetone for 24 h at 4°C under continuous shaking in darkness. 200 µL of a 150 µM DPPH-solution in 80% ethanol was transferred into a 96-well microtiter plate. The DPPH solution was complemented with 22 µL of the respective samples or Trolox standards in 70% acetone (7.8 µM-1 mM). After 25 min the absorption was determined for each sample at 516 nm. The statistical significance of means was tested by two-sample t-test.

Holzinger A., Kaplan F., Blaas K., Zechmann B., Komsic-Buchmann K, & Becker B. (2014). Transcriptomics of Desiccation Tolerance in the Streptophyte Green Alga Klebsormidium Reveal a Land Plant-Like Defense Reaction. PLoS ONE, 9(10), e110630.

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Measuring Phytoplankton Chlorophyll-a Levels

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Water samples (1 L) were collected from the six light depths (100%, 50%, 30%, 12%, 5%, and 1% of the PAR) for assessing total and size-fractionated chl-a concentrations. During the three cruises, water samples (0.3 L) were filtered using 25 mm Whatman glass fiber filters (GF/F) for the total chl-a concentration. For the size-fractionated chl-a concentration, water samples (0.7 L) were progressively filtered through Nucleopore filters with pore sizes of 20 µm and 5 µm, and Whatman GF/F filters with pore size of 0.7 µm. The filters were immediately stored in the freezer (−20 °C) until the analysis on board. After a 24 h extraction with 90% acetone, all the chl-a concentrations were quantified using a pre-calibrated Turner Designs model 10-AU fluorometer.

Kim S., Kim K., Jo N., Jang H.K., Ahn S.H., Lee J., Lee H., Park S., Lee D., Stockwell D.A., Whitledge T.E, & Lee S.H. (2023). Primary Production in the Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian Seas. Microorganisms, 11(8), 1886.

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Analyzing PAHs in Liao River Basin

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The main streams of the Liao River drainage basin, including the East Liao River, West Liao River, and Da Liao River and their major tributaries, were sampled during July 2010. The subsurface water samples at 0.5 m depth were collected using pre-cleaned dark glass bottles, and the samples were collected from a total of 20 sites (Fig. 1). Among these sites, 1∼3 were located in the East Liao River, 4∼7 in the West Liao River, 8∼12 in the main stream of the Liao River, 13∼15 in the tributary of the Liao River, and 16∼20 in the main stream and tributaries of the Da Liao River.
After sampling, water samples were transported to the laboratory within 24 h and filtered through 0.47-μm Whatman glass fiber filters (GF/F, φ = 47 mm) that had been heated at 450 °C for 5 h to remove any possible organic matter.
The 16 PAHs measured in this study included naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthylene (Acy), acenaphthene (Ace), fluorene (Fle), phenanthrene (Phe), anthracene (Ant), fluoranthene (Fla), pyrene (Pyr), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (Chr), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo [a] pyrene (BaP), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (Ipy), dibenzo[a,h]anthracessne (DBA), and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BPE).
The total organic carbon (TOC) in the Liao River drainage basin was determined using an Aurora 1030 W TOC.

Hu J., Liu C., Zhang G., Zhang Y., Li S., Zhao Z., Liu B, & Guo Q. (2016). Distribution characteristics and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Liao River drainage basin, northeast China. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 188(4).

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