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7 protocols using analytical grade ethanol

1

Adsorption of Pollutants from Rural Wastewater

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Rice and wheat straw was
obtained from the experimental fields of our research group. They
were dried to a constant weight and ground (particle size less than
∼10 mm). TiO2 nanoparticles and SA (99.9%), as model
pharmaceutical pollutants, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.
Analytical-grade ethanol, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sodium
hydroxide were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd.
(Shanghai, China). Spectrographic-grade acetonitrile was purchased
from Macklin Biochemical Co. Ltd. (China). Deionized water was used
to prepare the stock solutions to prevent ion interference. Rural
domestic sewage tail water was collected from a village sewage treatment
plant in Nanjing.
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2

Quantification of Rutin by HPLC

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Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin) was purchased from Maya reagent (Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China); the purity of the standard was above 98%. HPLC-grade methanol, acetonitrile, and formic acid were purchased from DikmaPure (Lake Forest, CA, USA). Analytical-grade ethanol was obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China). Water for liquid chromatography was prepared using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
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3

Characterization of N-Vinylcarbazole-Based Materials

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N-vinylcarbazole (98%), HSiCl3 (99%), and mesitylene (97%) were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Analytical-grade ethanol (99.5%) and hydrofluoric acid (40% aqueous solution) were received from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (SCRC; Shanghai, China). All reagents were used as purchased without further purification. The XRD spectrum was performed on a Bruker D8 Advance instrument (Bruker AXS GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany) with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å). TEM images were obtained on a JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope with an acceleration voltage of 200 kV (JEOL, Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo, Japan). The FTIR spectra were measured by a Bruker VECTOR 22 spectrometer (Bruker, Germany) with KBr pellets. The PL and excitation spectra were collected by a Hitachi F-4600 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Japan). The UV-vis absorption spectra were measured by a Shimadzu UV-2700 UV-vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). The PL lifetime was obtained on a Zolix Omni-λ 300 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Zolix Instruments Co., Ltd., Beijing, China).
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4

Synthesis of Bismuth-Based Materials

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Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O), Lithium nitrate (LiNO3), Potassium nitrate (KNO3), Sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na2S·9H2O), hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), thioacetamide (TAA), Potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3), Potassium hydroxide (KOH) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Inc. (Shanghai, China). Nafion solution (5 wt.%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar Chemical Co. Analytical grade ethanol was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All the chemicals were used without further purification.
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5

Camellia Pollen Tyrosinase Inhibition Assay

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Analytical‐grade ethanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n‐butanol were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Corporation. Chromatographic grade acetonitrile was purchased from Tedia Company Inc. Diaion HP‐20 macroporous adsorption resin was purchased from Beijing Green Herbs Co., Ltd. Mushroom tyrosinase (E.C.1.14.18.1), L‐tyrosine, and standards of arbutin and p‐coumaric acid ethyl ester were purchased from Merck Life Science Co., Ltd. Camellia pollen was purchased from Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd.
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6

HPLC Analysis of Flavonoids from Selaginella

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HPLC-grade acetonitrile and HPLC-grade methanol used in the study were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). HPLC-grade acetic acid was purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China) and analytical-grade ethanol was obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagents (Shanghai, China). Free-fatty acid HSA (lyophilized powder) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). Reference standards of amentoflavone (batch number: 160,529) and chrysin (150,204) were purchased from Winherb (Shanghai, China). Delicaflavone, robustaflavone, 2″,3″-dihydro-3′,3‴-biapigenin, and 3′,3‴-binaringenin (purity ≥98%) were isolated from S. doederleinii and their molecular structures were fully characterized by FT-IR, UV, MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR (Chen et al., 2019 (link)). Ultrapure water was purified using a Milli-Q system (MA, United States).
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7

Deltamethrin Toxicity Evaluation Protocol

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Deltamethrin standard (99.5% purity) was purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer (Augsburg, Germany). Analytical-grade ethanol, anhydrous ethanol, and xylene were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co (Shanghai, China). Total protein (TP) (A045-2), albumin (ALB) (A028-2), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (C010-2), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (C009-2), triglyceride (TG) (A110-2), total cholesterol (TC) (A111-2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (A059-2), cholinesterase (CHE) (A023-2), urea nitrogen (BUN) (C013-1), uric acid (UA) (C012-2), creatinine (Cr) (C011-2), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (A020-2) were purchased from Nanjing Jian Cheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Harris Hematoxylin solution, 95% eosin, and paraformaldehyde were purchased from Beijing Baiolaibo Technology Co., LTD (Beijing, China). The chemical raw material deltamethrin (98%) was obtained from Hubei Maoerwo Biological Medicine Co., LTD (Hubei, China).
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