obtained from the experimental fields of our research group. They
were dried to a constant weight and ground (particle size less than
∼10 mm). TiO2 nanoparticles and SA (99.9%), as model
pharmaceutical pollutants, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.
Analytical-grade ethanol, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sodium
hydroxide were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd.
(Shanghai, China). Spectrographic-grade acetonitrile was purchased
from Macklin Biochemical Co. Ltd. (China). Deionized water was used
to prepare the stock solutions to prevent ion interference. Rural
domestic sewage tail water was collected from a village sewage treatment
plant in Nanjing.