Sodium dihydrogen phosphate

SM was obtained from Shanxi Taihang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Shanxi, China). Atorvastatin calcium salt trihydrate was supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). 12 hydration disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate were all purchased from Tianjin Zhiyuan Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin China). The liver tissues of each mice were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at 4°C for 24 h, then the fixed tissues were embedded in paraffin and cut into 3-μm sections with a microtome (Leica, Nussloch, Germany). paraformaldehyde (analytical grade) was supplied by Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin). Hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and neutral gum were purchased from Beijing Legend Biotech Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China) and Shanghai Yiyang Instrument Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), respectively. Triglyceride, total cholesterol, glucose, LDL-C, and HDL-C were measured by commercially available kits obtained from Shanghai Rongsheng Biotech Co., Ltd., while insulin was detected using kits supplied by Wuhan Huamei Biological Engineering Co. Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

The chemical reagents citric acid, thioacetamide, sodium hydroxide, and phosphoric acid were provided by Aladdin Chemistry Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and metal salts were purchased from Tianjin Zhiyuan Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Tianjin, China). All the reagents are analytical grade and used as received.

Electronic balance: PTX-FA110S, Fuzhou HZ Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. (Fuzhou, China); induction cooker: PEN3, Beijing Yingsheng Hengtai Technology Co., LTD. (Beijing, China); magnetic stirrer: MRHI-TEC (CN), Heidolph (Schwabach, Germany); solid-phase microextraction head: 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS Gray, Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA); GC-MS co-detector: TRACE 1300-ISQQD, Agilent (Santa Clara, CA, USA); headspace bottle: 20 mL, Supelcoe (Bellefonte, PA, USA); glucose: analytical pure, Guangdong Guanghua Technology Co., LTD. (Shantou, China); L-phenylalanine: biotechnology grade, Shanghai Maclin Biochemical Reagents Co., LTD. (Shanghai, China); disodium hydrogen phosphate: analytical pure, Tianjin Zhiyuan Chemical Reagent Co., LTD. (Tianjin, China); sodium dihydrogen phosphate: analytical pure, Tianjin Zhiyuan Chemical Reagent Co., LTD. (Tianjin, China); O-phenylenediamine (OPD): analytical pure, Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China); 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine (TMV): GC&T, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., LTD. (Tokyo, Japan); methanol: chromatographic grade, Shanghai Maclin Biochemical Reagents Co., LTD. (Shanghai, China).