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40 protocols using signa hdxt 3.0t

1

3D T1-weighted Anatomic MRI Protocol

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3D T1-weighted anatomic MRI (structural MRI, sMRI) images for each participant were obtained using a 3-T scanner (Signa HDxt 3.0T, General Electric HD 750 w, Buckinghamshire, UK) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. The T1-weighted images were acquired using a brain volume sequence with the following parameters: repetition time = 8.676 ms, echo time ratio = 3.184 ms, flip angle = 8°, field of view = 256 × 256 mm2, matrix size = 256 × 256, slice thickness = 1 mm, voxel size = 1 × 1 × 1 mm3, and number of sections = 188.
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2

MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Experimental Setup

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An overview of the experimental setup is shown in Figure 1. An array was designed to fit within the transducer of a commercially available InSightec ExAblate Neuro MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) device (InSightec, Haifa, Israel). The device was fitted with the low frequency transducer option which consists of a 30 cm diameter hemisphere equipped with 1024 elements operating at 230 kHz center frequency. The elements are distributed onto several ‘tiles’ within the hemisphere (Fig. 1a) where each large tile contains nine elements (Hölscher et al 2011 ). The elements are driven by a multichannel amplifier system and controlled by a workstation supplied by the manufacturer. The transducer was mounted on the table of a 3T clinical MRI scanner (Signa HDxt 3.0T; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA). The transducer was oriented in its ‘research mode’ configuration, in which it is rotated 90° from its usual clinical orientation to face upwards like a bowl in a manner similar to previous work (Arvanitis et al 2013 (link)).
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3

Orbital Tissue Volumes Measured by MRI

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All patients were examined using a 3.0-tesla MRI unit (Signa HDxt 3.0 T; GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK) at Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital. Coronal, axial, and sagittal MRI images using T2-weighted spin echo were used to measure the volumes of each tissue in the orbit in a manner similar to that described in previous studies [23 (link), 24 (link)]. The slice thickness of the images was 1.5 mm.
The cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the orbital fat, extraocular muscles, optic nerve, and eyeball were measured by tracing outlines of the tissue on the images using Aquarius iNtuition software (TeraRecon, San Mateo, Foster City, CA, USA) (Fig 1). CSAs on axial images were used for the orbital fat, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, eyeball, and optic nerve measurements. CSAs on sagittal images were used for the superior rectus and inferior rectus measurements. CSAs on coronal images were used for the inferior oblique measurements. The orbital fat was traced together with the lacrimal gland because it was difficult to separate them on the MRI images. The superior rectus was traced along with the levator palpebrae muscle for the same reason. The volumes of the tissues were calculated by multiplying the sum of the CSAs × the slice increment. The volumes of the images were measured in a masked fashion by one technician (F.K.).
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4

Multimodal Brain MRI Analysis Protocol

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All brain MRIs were performed on our clinical scanners (GE Signa HDxt 3.0T, GE Discovery MR750w 3.0T). Image parameters for multi echo GRE scans were: field of view = 24cm, TR = 49–70ms, TE1/ΔTE = 5.3–5.8/5.9–10.3ms, number of TEs = 9–12, acquisition matrix= 416×320, readout bandwidth = 195–244Hz/pixel, slice thickness = 3mm, flip angle = 15–20°. The SWI and QSM were generated from same GRE images. QSM was reconstructed with a fully automated zero-referenced Morphology Enabled Dipole Inversion (MEDI+0) method[17 (link)] that uses the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a zero reference. ADC maps were reconstructed from the DWI sequence obtained with b-value 0 and 1000s/mm2.
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5

3T MRI Scanning of Patients

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Magnetic resonance imaging type: GE Signa HDxt 3.0T, the U.S.A. All patients were scanned in the same posture.
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6

Resting-state fMRI data acquisition

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Resting-state fMRI was performed on a GE Signa HDxt 3.0 T MRI scanner using an eight-channel phased-array head coil. Each participant lay supine with their head snugly fixed by foam pads. The participant was asked to keep still as long as possible and to keep his/her eyes closed but remain awake. Resting-state fMRI was obtained using an echo-planar imaging sequence with protocols of TR = 2000 ms, TE = 30 ms, flip angle = 90°, FOV 240 mm × 240 mm, matrix = 64 × 64, voxel size 3.75 mm × 3.75 mm × 4.00 mm, 35, 37 or 39 axial slices, 210 volumes acquired in 7 min.
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7

Structural MRI Acquisition and Analysis

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T1‐weighted structural MRI scans were acquired at baseline using Magnetom Impact 1.0T (n = 121) (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) and SignaHDxt 3.0T (n = 106) (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI) scanners using the following sequences: inversion‐recovery prepared fast spoiled gradient recalled sequence (IR‐FSPGR) at 3.0T (176 slices, matrix= 256 × 256, 1 × 0.9 × 0.9 mm3, TE = 3 ms, TR = 7.8 ms, TI = 450 ms, flip angle 12°) and magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient‐echo (MPRAGE) at 1.0T (168 slices, matrix= 256 × 256, voxel size = 1 × 1 × 1.5 mm3, echo time (TE) = 7 ms, repetition time (TR) = 15 ms, inversion time (TI) = 300 ms, flip angle, 15°). A standard circular head coil was used and head motion was restricted using expandable foam cushions. Statistical parametric mapping version 12 (SPM12), operating in MATLAB (r2012) was used to segment images (resliced: 2 × 2 × 2 mm3) into grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid, and to estimate total grey matter volumes in native space. All segmentations were visually checked for segmentations errors and none had to be excluded.
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8

Multimodal MRI Prostate Imaging Protocol

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All imaging was performed using a 3-T MRI scanner (Signa HDxt 3.0T, GE Healthcare) with a single-channel endorectal coil (eCoil, Medrad) used in combination with multichannel phased-array body surface coils. Examinations included multiplanar fast spin-echo T2-weighted imaging (TR/TE, 3950/102; FOV, 160 × 160 mm; axial matrix, 448 × 360; coronal matrix, 384 × 230; slice thickness, 3 mm; three averages; parallel imaging factor, 3) and single-shot echo-planar imaging fat-suppressed DWI (TR/TE, 3500/69.5; FOV, 160 × 160 mm; matrix, 80 × 128; slice thickness, 3 mm; six averages; parallel imaging factor, 3; b values, 0 and 800 s/mm2). The ADC maps were generated by the scanner console using a standard monoexponential fit. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was also performed, but it was not formally assessed as part of this study.
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9

MRI Imaging Sequence Parameters

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MRI was performed using a 3.0-T MR imager (Signa, HDxt, 3.0 T; General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI) with surface coil (limbs with 3 inch coil, shoulder with shoulder coil or soft coil, and torso and hips with body coil). The conventional MR scanning sequences included spin echo (SE) T1WI (repetition time/echo time [TR/TE], 650 ms/min full; reconstruction matrix size, 288 × 224; slice thickness/slice spacing, 4–6 mm/0–1 mm), fast spin echo (FSE) T2WI (TR/TE, 3975 ms/68 ms; number of signals acquired, 4; reconstruction matrix size, 256 × 224; slice thickness/slice spacing, 4–6 mm/0–1 mm), fat suppression T2WI and PDWI (TR/TE, 2000 ms/42 ms; number of signals acquired, 3; reconstruction matrix size, 256 × 224; slice thickness/slice spacing, 4–6 mm/0–1 mm). If necessary, fat suppression T1WI was performed. Field of view (FOV), which could be changed according to the tumors’ size, was 15 to 40 cm with slice thickness 4 to 6 mm and space 0 to 1 mm.
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10

High-Resolution Orbital Imaging of GDDs

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High-resolution orbital images were obtained using a 3-Tesla scanner (Signa HDxt 3.0T, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI) in combination with head-array coils with the sequences of three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (3D-FIESTA) (Fig 1). The imaging parameters included repetition time of 5.6 ms, echo time of 2.7 ms, field-of-view of 180 mm * 180 mm, matrix size of 320 * 288, and slice thickness of 1.0 mm with the overlap thickness of 0.5 mm, resulted in in-plane resolution of 0.56 mm * 0.63 mm. Coronal plane was taken perpendicular to the plane that containing both optic nerves. The acquisition time for whole scanning was typically 3 to 3.5 min. Subjects were coached repeatedly to avoid unnecessary movements during scanning. GDDs implanted were not ferromagnetic and were MR imaging safe. The specific absorption rate of the MR imaging of this study was calculated to be less than 2.0 W/kg that indicating “less invasive” for the patients. No patient felt warmth from devices during the scans. All scans were obtained about 6 months after shunt implantation to facilitate complete healing of the conjunctiva and orbital tissues, absorption of the ligating suture, stent graft removal (with the BGI), and IOP stabilization after the hypertensive phase (with the AGV) [15 (link)].
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