Chloroauric acid haucl4

Chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄), sodium citrate, hydroquinone, ascorbic acid, bovine serum albumin (BSA), Tween 20, silver nitrate, and silver enhancer kit were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All membranes used for the assembly of the LFIA strip were obtained from MDI (India) and included the sample pad (GFB-R4), conjugate pad (PT-R5), analytical membrane (CNPC-SS12 15 μm), and absorbent pad (AP045). Recombinant PCT, monoclonal anti-calcitonin antibodies, and polyclonal anti-PCT antibodies were purchased from BIALEXA (Moscow, Russia). All salts for the preparation of buffer solutions were obtained from Helicon (Moscow, Russia).

Lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia) (CAS number 8000-28-0), chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄), polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) and sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

A colloidal of 13 nm gold nanoparticles was prepared by using a citrate reduction method according to a previous report [21 (link)] (chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)). The colloidal gold nanoparticle was filtered through a 0.45 µm membrane filter (Whatman, GE Healthcare UK Ltd., Little Chalfont, UK) after it was allowed to cool to room temperature. The size of the gold nanoparticles was determined using transmission electron microscopy (FEI Tecnai G2 20, Hillsboro, OL, USA) and measured (100 particles) by ImageJ software (version 1.48v) (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). In addition, the UV–Vis absorption measurement was carried out in the range from 400 to 800 nm.

Chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄) and trisodium citrate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. (St. Louis, MO, USA), and 30 nm SNPs were purchased from Cytodiagnostics (Burlington; ON, Canada). The cell culture medium was purchased from GIBCO (Grand Island, NY, USA). Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and RANKL were purchased from Peprotech (London, UK). The TRAP assay kit used here was purchased from Takara (Shiga, Japan). EZ-Cytox was purchased from Dogen (Seoul, Korea). All primers for Cathepsin K (CTSK), c-FOS, the nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), TRAP, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were purchased from Bioneer (Seoul, Korea). The antibodies used in this study were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA).

All reagents and chemicals were used as purchased without additional purification. Chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Cat # 254169-5 G) as an Au precursor. The cell counting Kit-8 (cat #CK04–20) was purchased from Tebu-bio, Offenbach, Germany. Cell culture materials (high glucose DMEM, fetal calf serum/FCS, penicillin/streptomycin, L-glutamine) were purchased from Gibco, Germany. All solutions were prepared in Milli-Q water (Millipore GmbH, Berlin, Germany) as the suitable solvent. Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (pH 7.4, Cat # 10010023). The UV/VIS absorption spectra were recorded with a Synergy UV-vis-near-infrared (BIOTEK, USA) spectrophotometer using Gen5 version 2.09 (https://www.biotek.com/products/software-robotics-software/gen5-microplate-reader-and-imager-software/technical-details/) analysis software.