Syngo mr b17

MR images were acquired on a 3 Tesla Siemens MAGNETOM Verio scanner (Syngo MR B17, Siemens, Munich, Germany) using a 32-channel head coil. High-resolution T1-weighted MPRAGE sequences were acquired using a 3D magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo imaging protocol (224 sagittal slices, voxel size: 1 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm, TR: 2500 ms, TE: 3.47 ms, TI: 1100 ms, and flip angle: 7°).
Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is a whole-brain unbiased technique for the analysis of regional GM volume and tissue changes [35 (link)]. Preprocessing involved gray-matter segmentation, template creation via DARTEL, spatial normalization to standardized Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space, and smoothing with a Gaussian kernel of 8 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM). Whole-brain analysis was performed first and was followed by region of interest (ROI)-analysis of the medial temporal lobe regions, including the hippocampus and the parahippocampus on both sides.

For MRI, the formalin-fixed specimen was placed inside a cylindrical plastic container filled with the original 10% formalin solution. Scanning was performed using a 7-T high-field Magnetom clinical MR (magnetic resonance) system with a 600-mm magnet bore and equipped with an SC72 shielded gradient set with a maximum strength of 70 mT/m (Siemens, Berlin, Germany). The container was placed horizontally inside a 32-channel human head coil (Siemens). For imaging, a 3D magnetization-prepared spiral acquisition gradient echo (MP-SAGE) MR sequence with 3000 ms repetition time, 3.4 ms echo time, 7° flip angle, 37 frames averaged, 150 × 111 × 150 mm field of view, 536 × 396 × 536 px matrix size, 280 μm isotropic voxel resolution, and about 16 h 59 min acquisition time was used. The selected field of view comprised a region of interest extending from the posterior mantle edge to about the middle of the arms and thus covered all the internal structures relevant for a cirrate species description [3 (link)]. The acquired data were reconstructed using the software syngo MR B17 (Siemens). For further image processing, the original 16-bit NIfTI file was transformed into an 8-bit TIFF image stack, zero-filled to 140-μm isotropic voxel resolution, and finally rotated to a dorsoventral orientation using the software Fiji 1.52v [17 (link)].

Seventeen (4 women and 13 men, age 64 ± 7.21 years, mean ± SD) patients with de-novo parkinsonian syndrome consecutively referred to a Neurology Unit to evaluate PD over a 24-month interval (from June 2012 to June 2014) were recruited in this dataset. More details about clinical evaluation can be found in Ref.^{63 (link)}. Seventeen healthy controls (5 women and 12 men, age 64 ± 7 years, mean ± SD) with no history of neurological diseases and normal neurological examination were recruited as controls. No significant difference in age (p = 0.95 at t-test) and gender (p = 0.70 at χ²-test) was found between the two groups.
All subjects underwent high-resolution 3D T₁-weighted imaging on a 1.5 T MR scanner system (Magnetom Avanto, software version Syngo MR B17, Siemens, Erlangen-Germany) equipped with a 12-element matrix radiofrequency head coil and SQ-engine gradients. The SQ-engine gradients had a maximum strength of 45 mT/m and a slew rate of 200 T/m/s. T₁-weighted MR images were acquired with an axial high resolution 3D MPRAGE sequence with TR = 1900 ms, TE = 3.44 ms, TI = 1100 ms, flip angle = 15°, slice thickness = 0.86 mm, field of view (FOV) = 220 mm × 220 mm, matrix size = 256 × 256, number of excitations (NEX) = 2, number of slices = 176.

Breath-hold T1-weighted images of the abdomen and pelvis were acquired on a 3 Tesla Siemens Verio scanner equipped with software syngo MR B17 (Siemens Medical System, Erlangen, Germany). Details of the parameters were as follows: repetition time = 514 ms, echo time = 8.8 ms, field of view = 500×500 mm², matrix = 384×384 and number of excitations = 1. Patients were placed in a supine position and a series of 10–12, 1-cm-thick axial images with a 1 cm gap between images were acquired. VAT_MRI volume (cm³) was measured between the diaphragm and the pubic symphysis; VAT_MRI area (cm²) was measured from single-slice MRI at the L4 vertebral level, using image analysis software (SliceOmatic 5.0, TomoVision, Montreal, Quebec, Canada) by the same radiologist. SAD was measured at the level of the L4 vertebral body by measuring the distance from the anterior to the posterior part of the body using ImageJ software [26 (link)].

All imaging data were collected on a Siemens Magnetom Verio 3T MRI scanner running Syngo MR B17 software (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). For each subject, whole-brain dMRI data were acquired using a single-shot spin-echo echo-planar imaging sequence with diffusion-encoding gradients applied in 56 directions (b = 1000 s/mm²) and six T2-weighted (b = 0 s/mm²) baseline scans. Fifty-five 2.5-mm-thick axial slices were acquired with a field-of-view of 240 mm and matrix 96 × 96 giving 2.5 mm isotropic voxels. In the same session, a 3D T1-weighted inversion recovery-prepared fast spoiled gradient-echo volume was acquired in the coronal plane with 160 contiguous slices and 1 mm isotropic voxel resolution. Image processing and tractography is described in Supplementary Methods.

Patients and controls were scanned using a consistent MRI protocol at 3 Tesla (Magnetom TimTrio; Syngo MR B17; Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) using a 12-channel phased-array head coil. Structural imaging included a T1-weighted 3D MPRAGE sequence with 1 mm isotropic resolution (TR/TE/TI/FA = 1900 ms/2.19 ms/900 ms/9 ${}^{\circ }$ , matrix = $176\times 224\times 256$ ).