GPx enzyme activity was assessed using the GPx Cellular Activity Assay Kit CGP-1 (Sigma). The indirect determination method of the GPx activity is based on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH) concentration decrease in the reaction media during which NADPH is oxidized to NADP+.
Lipid peroxidation as reflected by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was assessed using thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) determination method [30 (link)]. Trichloroacetic acid (50%, 0.25 mL), thiobarbituric acid (0.73%, 0.255 mL) and tissue extracts (0.05 mL) were mixed and vortexed. Afterwards, a 20 min incubation at 100 °C (boiling water bath), and a 10 min centrifugation (3000 rpm) were performed. The supernatants were exposed to a 532 nm spectrometry system and the absorbance was read against MDA standard curve (the results were expressed as mmol MDA/mL tissue extract).