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11 protocols using dnaeasy mini kit

1

Genetic Profiling of Congenital Hypothyroidism

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Genomic DNA was isolated from the EDTA blood by using a Qiagen DNAeasy mini kit. The isolated DNA was then amplified by PCR using TPO gene specific primers that together covered from Exon 8 to Exon 14, since global data showed that most of the common mutations in the TPO gene of the patients with congenital hypothyroidism were confined in this region. The primer sequences are listed in Table 1.
To amplify the desired target sequence of TPO gene, PCR amplification was conducted on a thermal cycler (Bio-Rad, USA). The final reaction volume was 10 µl for each of the reactions which contained 1 µL 10X PCR buffer, 0.3 µL 25 mM MgCl2, 2 µL 5X Q-solution, 1.6 µL 2.5 mM dNTPs mixture, 0.2 µL 10 mM Forward and 0.2 µL Reverse primers, 0.05 µL Taq DNA Polymerase, and 50 ng of genomic DNA, and total reaction volume was made up to 10 µL by addition of nuclease free water. The thermal cycling condition included (a) initial denaturation at 95°C for 5 minutes, (b) 35 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 40 seconds annealing at 58°C for 35 seconds and extension at 72°C for 40 seconds, and (c) final extension at 72°C for 5 minutes.
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2

Quantitative Analysis of IL-33 Signaling in Astrocytes and Muscle Tissue

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Total RNA was extracted from gastrocnemius muscle samples of WT and TG mice and cultured primary astrocytes by TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen) and DNAeasy MiniKit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), respectively, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. cDNA was synthesized from 500 ng of total RNA using random hexamer primers as a template and Maxima reverse transcriptase (all from Fermentas). The relative mRNA expression levels of IL-33 and IL-33 receptor complex subunits ST2L and IL1RAP were measured from cultured astrocytes and the levels of Arg-1, Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2; the gene encoding Nrf2 protein: NFE2L2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) from muscles by qPCR (StepOnePlus, Applied Biosystems / Life Technologies) using specific Assays-on-demand (Applied Biosystems/ Life Technologies). The expression levels were normalized to 18S ribosomal RNA and represented as fold change in the expression ± standard deviation (SD).
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3

Genomic DNA Extraction from C. macilenta

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Putative transformants and the wild-type strain of the C. macilenta mycobiont were grown in 30 mL of MEB medium at 15 °C in an orbital shaker (200 rpm) for 7 days for genomic DNA extraction. The mycobiont was harvested and ground into a fine powder under liquid nitrogen. DNA was extracted using DNAeasy mini kit, according to the manufacturer’s instruction (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA).
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4

Quantifying Gene Expression in Insect Populations

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Genomic DNA was extracted from S and R nymphs by using the DNAeasy Mini kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Twenty five nanograms of gDNA was used as template and amplified with the same primer pairs listed in Table S1 for JAR98719, JAR98714 and the housekeeping genes, by using the Fast SYBR Green Master Mix (Applied Biosystems) in a StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR system (Applied Biosystems), with the following cycling conditions: 95 °C for 10 min for initial denaturation and enzyme activation, followed by 40 cycles each of 95 °C for 15 s and 60 °C for 2 min. Relative quantification was performed using the StepOne software version 2.3 (Applied Biosystems), following the comparative ΔΔCT method. For each insect population, three independent biological replicates, each run in triplicate, was assayed.
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5

Quantification of Engrafted Human Cells

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Animals were killed, and their hearts excised to obtain an actual measurement of the number of cells engrafted. Real‐time PCR experiments using the human‐specific repetitive Alu sequences were conducted. The whole heart was weighed and homogenized. Genomic DNA was isolated using the DNAeasy minikit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The TaqMan® assay (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) was used to quantify the number of transplanted cells with the human Alu sequence as template (Alu forward, 5′‐CAT GGT GAA ACC CCG TCT CTA‐3′; Alu reverse, 5′‐GCC TCA GCC TCC CGA GTA G‐3′; TaqMan probe, 5′‐FAM‐ATT AGC CGG GCG TGG TGG CG‐TAMRA‐3′, Applied Biosystems). For absolute quantification of cell number, a standard curve was generated with known numbers of human cells.
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6

Quantifying Engrafted Human Cells

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Animals
were sacrificed, and their hearts were excised to obtain an actual
measurement of the number of cells engrafted. Real-time PCR experiments
using the human-specific repetitive Alu sequences were conducted.
The whole heart was weighed and homogenized. Genomic DNA was isolated
from aliquots of the homogenate with the DNAeasy minikit (Qiagen).
The TaqMan assay (Applied Biosystems) was used to quantify the number
of transplanted cells with the human Alu sequence as the template.
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7

Profiling Mouse T Cell Receptor Diversity

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CD4+, CD8+, and iαβTs were isolated by FACS and genomic DNA was extracted using a DNAeasy mini kit (Qiagen). Mouse TCR sequencing was performed using the immunoSEQ Assay (Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA). V, D, and J Segments of the TCR were identified by multiplex PCR using forward primers in each V segment and reverse primers in each J segment. Detected template reads were normalized to total DNA content. Assessment of T cell clonality and sequence overlap analyses were performed on immunoSEQ ANALYZER 3.0 software (Adaptive Biotechnologies).
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8

Quantifying HIV-1 DNA in ILC1s and T cells

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Freshly isolated PBMCs from HC and HIV-1-infected patients were enriched for ILCs by depletion of CD3+ T cells, CD14+ monocytes and CD19+ B cells using microbeads (Miltenyi Biotech, Germany). Then, the enriched cells were sorted on a FACSAria II (BD Biosciences). CD4+ ILC1s were isolated by sorting on live cells, singlets, scatter, and lineage-CD56-CD127+CD4+ cells (lineage including CD3, CD14, CD16, CD19, CD34, CD11c, CD123, CD117 and CRTH2). CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were directly sorted from PBMCs. Then, nucleic acid was extracted by sorting CD4+ ILC1s, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells using the DNAeasy minikit (Qiagen) to measure total cell-associated HIV-1 DNA. HIV-1 DNA was quantified by real-time PCR according to our previous protocol. DNA from serial dilutions of ACH2 cells, which contain 1 copy of the HIV-1 genome per cell, was used to generate a standard curve.
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9

Quantifying Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number

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Total cellular DNA was isolated using the DNAeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), and DNA concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically with Nanodrop. Equal amounts of total DNA were assayed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) with SYBR Green mix (Applied Biosystems, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Samples were analyzed at least in triplicates, using two different DNA isolates, independently, in a 7300 Fast Real Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Thermo Fisher Scientific). The comparative Ct method was applied for quantification of mitochondria DNA copy number, comparing the amplification of ND1 (mitochondrial gene) to that of HPRT (nuclear gene). Primer pair sequences are as follows: ND1-F 5’ACT ACG CAA AGG CCC CAA CG 3`; ND1-R 5’GAG CTA AGG TCG GGG CGG TG 3`; HPRT1-F 5’TGA CAT GTG CCG CCT GCG AG 3`; HPRT1-R 5’GTG GGTC GCT TTC CGT GCC GA 3`.
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10

Ova Gene Expression Analysis

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Genomic DNA was extracted using a DNAeasy mini kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). PCR was performed in duplicate for each sample using the BioRad Real-Time PCR System (BioRad, Hercules, CA). The primer sequences for Ova was F-GTGTTTAGCTCTTCAGCCAATCT, R-CTGCATGGACAGCTTGAGATA. Amplified PCR products were evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis and subsequent ethidium bromide staining.
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