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Gallotannin

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States

Gallotannin is a polyphenolic compound found in various plant species. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be used as a laboratory reagent. Gallotannin has chemical properties that make it useful for specific analytical and research applications.

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7 protocols using gallotannin

1

Bamboo Pulp-Based Heavy Metal Adsorbent

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Bamboo pulp was obtained from Sichuan Tianzhu Bamboo Resources Development Co., Ltd., Yibin, China. Tannin (GalloTannin, Mw = 1701.2 g/mol) and chitosan (medium molecular weight) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich L.L.C., Shanghai, China. N-methyl morpholine-N-oxide, NMMO (AR, purity ≥ 99%) was purchased from Bide Pharmatech Ltd., Shanghai, China. Cu(NO3)2 (AR, purity ≥ 99%) and Cd(NO3)2 (AR, purity ≥ 99%) were purchased from West Asia Chemical Technology (Shandong) Co., Ltd., Linyi, China. Ultra-pure water was self-made, with resistivity ≥ 18.25 MΩ·cm.
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2

Telomerase Activity Measurement Protocol

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The following agents and reagents were obtained: gallotannin from Sigma (#16201), CellTiter 96 Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay kit from Promega (G3580), Pure Link RNA Mini kit from Ambion (#12183025), SYBR green I from Thermo Fischer Scientific (S7567), Maxima First strand cDNA synthesis kit from Thermo Fisher Scientific (K1642), anti-TERT antibodies from Abcam (ab183105), and anti-rabbit HRP conjugated antibodies from Thermo Fisher Scientific (G21234). Partially purified telomerase was obtained as described in [36 (link)].
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3

Comprehensive Reagent Procurement for Signaling Research

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BTK and GAPDH antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA), BTK pTyr-223 antibody was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA), and β-actin antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit and goat anti-mouse secondary antibodies were acquired from GE Healthcare (Buckinghamshire, UK). Kinase inhibitors ibrutinib, CC-292, ONO–4059, PIM1/2, and STO-609 were provided by the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (Toronto, ON, Canada). ibrutinib was also obtained from Selleckchem (Houston, TX), as was olaparib. Z-VAD-FMK was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY). Ethacridine lactate, gallotannin, sulforhodamine-B, hydrogen peroxide, puromycin, and shRNA plasmid-containing bacterial glycerol stocks were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The library of internationally prescribed drugs was purchased from MicroSource Discovery Systems, Inc. (Gaylordsville, CT). Alamar Blue was purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA) and carboxy-H2DCFDA-FITC and MitoSOX Red were obtained from Molecular Probes/Life Technologies (Eugene, OR).
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4

Determination of Total Tannins

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The extraction and determination of total tannins were carried out as described [39 (link)]. Tannin content was expressed as milligrams of tannic acid (gallotannin, Sigma) equivalents per gram fresh tissue (mg TAE/g FW).
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5

Quantitative Analysis of Gallotannin Components

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To analyze the three main components in GEGR, gallotannin (IUPAC name; 3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl) oxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxymethyl] oxan-4-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, MW: 1701.20 g/mol, Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA), gallic acid monohydrate (IUPAC name; 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, MW: 170.12 g/mol, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and methyl gallate (IUPAC name; methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, MW: 184.15 g/mol, Sigma-Aldrich) were used as standard compounds. The wavelengths of the maximum absorption of pure gallic acid, pure methyl gallate, commercial gallotannin, and gallnut extract were 212/257, 214/268, 213/278 and 212/275 nm, respectively. The UV-VIS spectra for pure gallic acid, pure methyl gallate, pure gallotannin, and gallnut extract showed two bands at 212-214 nm and 257-278 nm, which were both assigned to the π→π* transitions of the given aromatic units and C=O groups in the UV-VIS region (Albu et al., 2009). Finally, the UV-Vis spectra were analyzed using a curve-resolving technique based on linear least-squares analysis to fit the combination of the Lorentzian and Gaussian curve shapes.
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6

Quantifying Cellular PAR Levels

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siRNA of QPRT (sc-62914) and control siRNA were obtained from Santa Cruz. PA. The antibodies against the following proteins for western blot were purchased: PAR (Trevigen, 4336-BPC-100, 1:1000 dilution) and β-actin (Abcam, ab8229, 1:2000 dilution). The following drugs for perturbing NAD synthesis or consumption were purchased: FK866 (Cayman Chemical, 13287, 100nM), olaparib (10 μM), sirtinol (Sigma, S7942, 20 μM), EX527 (Sigma, E7034, 10 μM), zeocin (Invitrogen, 1360033, 250 μg per ml) and gallotannin (Sigma, 1643328, 100 μM). PAR in cellular lysates was detected as described (Krukenberg et al., 2014 (link)). Briefly, PAR antibody-conjugated beads (MagPlex-10H) and lysate were incubated together overnight at 4°C, and analyzed on the FlexMap3D (Luminex) after biotin and streptavidin conjugation.
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7

Mesothelioma Cell Culture and Phytochemicals

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H28, H2452 and MSTO-211H mesothelioma cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and cultured in RPMI 1640 (Welgene, Daegu, Korea) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Welgene, Daegu, Korea) and 1 % penicillin-streptomycin (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. Ursolic acid, apigenin and gallotannin were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Galbanic acid was isolated from the gum resin of F. assafoetida purchased from Hanil Herbal Shop (Seoul, Korea). 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-d-glucose (PGG) was isolated from the gallnut of Rhus chinensis MILL as described previously 25 (link), 26 (link).
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