Data were collected on a 3T Siemens Verio MR scanner. High-resolution T1-weighted structural data were collected for each patient using a 32-channel head coil with 192 sagittal slices, slice thickness of 0.8 mm, and 0.75 × 0.75 mm in-plane resolution. For fMRI data, a 12-channel head coil was used, and data were collected using the following parameters: 21 axial slices per volume, 3 × 3 mm in-plane resolution for each slice, and a thickness of 5 mm. A repetition time (TR) of 3 s was used with an effective acquisition time of 1.8 s per volume; there was a 1.2-s pause between TRs to allow for the audible presentation of verbal instructions. Over a period of 10 min, 200 volumes (excluding two dummy scans) were collected.
Verio mr scanner
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany
The Verio MR scanner is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system manufactured by Siemens. It is designed to acquire high-quality images of the human body for diagnostic purposes. The Verio MR scanner uses a powerful magnetic field and radio waves to generate detailed images of the internal structures and organs, enabling healthcare professionals to assess and diagnose various medical conditions.
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13 protocols using verio mr scanner
1
Structural and Functional MRI Acquisition
2
Optimized MRS Acquisition for Macromolecule Suppression
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MRI/MRS was performed on a 3T Siemens Verio MR scanner. A 3D isotropic T1-weighted structural MRI (sMRI) was acquired for the purposes of MEG source modeling. A single voxel edited MRS MEGAPRESS sequence was also administered (Mescher et al., 1998 (link)), with a voxel of 4 × 3 × 2 cm placed in the left superior temporal gyrus, and with TR/TE = 1,500/80 ms. To minimize the impact of coedited macromolecules (widely acknowledged in the conventional MEGAPRESS sequence), a modification was implemented in which the “off” pulse was delivered at 1.5 ppm frequency (symmetric about 1.7 ppm with the traditional “on” pulse at 1.9 ppm). This achieves a level of macromolecule suppression, while only extending the echo time moderately from 68 ms to 80 ms (Edden et al., 2012 (link)).
3
MRI and MRS Examination of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex
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MRI data were obtained using a 3-Tesla Siemens Verio MR scanner with a 32-channel head coil (Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany). The head position was fixed with foam padding to minimize movement artifacts.
Anatomical T1-weighted images were acquired using a three-dimensional magnetic preparation fast gradient echo (3D-MRPAGE) sequence with echo time (TE) = 2.96 ms, repetition time (TR) = 2300 ms, field of view (FOV) = 240 × 240 mm2, 256 × 256 matrix, a slice thickness of 1.0 mm, and 192 continuous sagittal slices. The T1-weighted images were used to localize the volume-of-interest (VOI) for the following MRS acquisition. All scans were reviewed by a senior radiologist who evaluated whether there were obvious artifacts, signal losses, or gross pathology.
The MRS data were acquired using a MEGA-PRESS sequence with TR = 1500 ms, TE = 68 ms, and 128 averages with water suppression. The VOI (30 × 30 × 30 mm3) of the mPFC was localized in the midsagittal and coronal slices, as shown inFigure 1 . The VOI included Brodmann areas 24 and 32 (containing part of the anterior cingulate cortex). Six orthogonal fat saturation bands were placed surrounding the VOI to avoid signal interference. Automated shimming followed by manual shimming was conducted to reduce the water signal full-width at half maximum (FWHM) below 25 Hz.
Anatomical T1-weighted images were acquired using a three-dimensional magnetic preparation fast gradient echo (3D-MRPAGE) sequence with echo time (TE) = 2.96 ms, repetition time (TR) = 2300 ms, field of view (FOV) = 240 × 240 mm2, 256 × 256 matrix, a slice thickness of 1.0 mm, and 192 continuous sagittal slices. The T1-weighted images were used to localize the volume-of-interest (VOI) for the following MRS acquisition. All scans were reviewed by a senior radiologist who evaluated whether there were obvious artifacts, signal losses, or gross pathology.
The MRS data were acquired using a MEGA-PRESS sequence with TR = 1500 ms, TE = 68 ms, and 128 averages with water suppression. The VOI (30 × 30 × 30 mm3) of the mPFC was localized in the midsagittal and coronal slices, as shown in
4
MRI-based Brain Morphometry Analysis
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All MRI data were collected on a 3T Verio MR scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) at Temple University. High resolution structural images were collected using a T1‐weighted image (sagittal plane; repetition time [TR] 1600 ms; echo time [TE] 2.46 ms; 176 interleaved slices; field of view [FOV] 250 mm; slice thickness = 1 mm, & flip angle 9°; See Supporting Information S1 for more information). FreeSurfer version 6.0 automatic segmentation software extracted surfaces (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/ ; Fischl, 2012 (link)). MRI data were visually inspected for the quality of gray matter, consistent with Raamana et al. (2020 (link)). In particular, multiple individual raters examined each scan, and any errors were reviewed by KSFD and considered for manual edit, which was completed only if the error was verifiable in two planes of visualization (n = 23; 17.6%). There were no significant outliers in volumetric data for any of the frontostriatal or intracranial volumes. Individual surfaces were averaged using a non‐rigid, high‐dimensional spherical method that relies on the alignment of cortical folding patterns. mOFC and NAcc volumes were extracted for regions‐of‐interest analyses using the Desikan Atlas (Desikan et al., 2006 (link)).
5
Structural MRI Acquisition of PFC Volumes
6
Functional MRI Acquisition Protocol on 3T Siemens Verio
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Functional MRI data was collected on a 3T Siemens Verio MR scanner at the Scientific Imaging and Brain Research Center at Carnegie Mellon University using a 32-channel head coil. Functional images were acquired using a T2*-weighted echoplanar imaging pulse sequence (31 slices aligned to the AC/PC, in-plane resolution 2 × 2 mm, 3 mm slice thickness, no gap, TR = 2000 ms, TE = 29 ms, flip angle = 79°, GRAPPA = 2, matrix size 96 × 96, field of view 192 mm, reference lines = 48, descending acquisition). Number of acquisitions per run was 209 for the main experiment, and 158 for the scene localizer. High-resolution anatomical scans were acquired for each participant using a T1-weighted MPRAGE sequence (1 × 1 × 1 mm, 176 sagittal slices, TR = 2.3 s, TE = 1.97 ms, flip angle = 9°, GRAPPA = 2, field of view = 256).
7
Functional MRI Acquisition Protocol
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Scanning was performed in a 3T Siemens Verio MR scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). Functional images were acquired with a T2∗-weighted axial echo-planer image (EPI) (TR, 2000 ms; TE, 25 ms; flip angle, 75°; FOV, 224 × 224; matrix size, 64 × 64). Each EPI volume was acquired in interleaved order and consisted of 39 axial slices (3.5 thick; in-plane resolution, 3.5 mm × 3.5 mm). fMRI data were acquired in two runs (197 volumes per run). The first five volumes of each run were discarded to allow for T1 equilibration. After the two functional runs, a whole-brain anatomical image was acquired using an axial T1-weighted, 3D magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE) pulse sequence (FOV, 256 × 256; matrix size, 256 × 256; voxel size, 1 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm; 208 slices; axial acquisition).
8
Structural and Diffusion MRI Acquisition
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All MRI data were collected on a 3 T Verio MR scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) at Temple University. Structural images were collected using a T1‐weighted anatomical image (sagittal plane; repetition time [TR] 1,600 ms; echo time [TE] 2.46 ms; .5 mm3 isomorphic voxels, 176 interleaved slices; FOV 515; flip angle 57). Diffusion weighted images were collected using axial brain slices with the following parameters: 64 diffusion‐weighted (b = 1,000 s/mm2) and 1 nondiffusion weighted scan; field of view 190 × 190 mm; voxel size 2 × 2 × 2 mm; TR = 9,900 ms; TE = 90 ms.
9
Functional MRI of Scene Processing
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MRI data was collected on a 3T Siemens Verio MR scanner at the Scientific Imaging & Brain Research Center at Carnegie Mellon University using a 32-channel head coil. Functional images were acquired using a T2*-weighted echoplanar imaging pulse sequence (31 slices aligned to the AC/PC, in-plane resolution 2mm x 2mm, 3mm slice thickness, no gap, TR = 2000ms, TE = 29ms, flip angle = 79°, GRAPPA = 2, matrix size 96x96, field of view 192mm, reference lines = 48, descending acquisition). Number of acquisitions per run was 224 for the main experiment, and 152 for the scene localizer. High-resolution anatomical scans were acquired for each participant using a T1-weighted MPRAGE sequence (1mm x 1mm x 1mm, 176 sagittal slices, TR = 2.3s, TE = 1.97ms, flip angle = 9°, GRAPPA = 2, field of view = 256).
10
Non-Invasive Brain Perfusion Imaging Using PASL MRI
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All subjects underwent MRI at Tongji Hospital using a 3.0-T Siemens Verio MR scanner equipped with a 32-channel head coil. Subjects were instructed to stay relaxed, close their eyes, and keep their head still during the scan. Rubber earplugs were used to reduce noise to a minimum and foam pads were placed around the heads to reduce movement.
PASL images were collected using an echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence with the following parameters: repetition time (TR) = 2,564 ms, echo time (TE) = 11 ms, inversion time (TI) = 700 ms, delay time = 1,800 ms, labeling time = 700 ms, band width = 2,232 Hz / pixel, flip angle (FA) = 90°, thickness = 1.0 mm, field of view (FOV) = 220 mm × 240 mm, matrix = 256 × 256. The overall scan time was 268 s.
Whole brain high-resolution anatomical images were acquired using a 3D magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) T1-weighted sequence with the following parameters: sagittal orientation, TR = 21 ms, TE = 3.6 ms, band width = 186 Hz / pixel, FA = 18°, slice thickness = 0.5 mm, slice = 160, FOV = 200 mm × 180 mm, matrix = 384 × 364. The overall scan time was 265 s.
PASL images were collected using an echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence with the following parameters: repetition time (TR) = 2,564 ms, echo time (TE) = 11 ms, inversion time (TI) = 700 ms, delay time = 1,800 ms, labeling time = 700 ms, band width = 2,232 Hz / pixel, flip angle (FA) = 90°, thickness = 1.0 mm, field of view (FOV) = 220 mm × 240 mm, matrix = 256 × 256. The overall scan time was 268 s.
Whole brain high-resolution anatomical images were acquired using a 3D magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) T1-weighted sequence with the following parameters: sagittal orientation, TR = 21 ms, TE = 3.6 ms, band width = 186 Hz / pixel, FA = 18°, slice thickness = 0.5 mm, slice = 160, FOV = 200 mm × 180 mm, matrix = 384 × 364. The overall scan time was 265 s.
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