Poly d glucosamine

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Poly (D-glucosamine) is a naturally occurring polysaccharide derived from the exoskeletons of crustaceans. It is a linear polymer composed of repeating units of D-glucosamine. This lab equipment product serves as a versatile biomaterial with various applications in research and development.

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Close spelling variants of this product

Glucosamine (52 citations) D-glucosamine (20 citations) Poly-(1→4)-β-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (3 citations)

8 protocols using poly d glucosamine

Colorimetric Myoglobin Quantification

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All reagents were of high purity grade. Titanium(VI) oxide, dichlorobarium, caustic potash, perhydrol 30%, hydrogen chloride, CdSeS/ZnS alloyed quantum dots (λ = 665 nm), poly(D-glucosamine), etanoic acid, glutaric dialdehyde solution 5%, albumin bovine serum 1%, sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate, caustic soda, ascorbic acid or vitamin C (VC), hydrogen borate, orthophosphoric acid, sodium hydrogenphosphate, citric acid, n-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-(2-ethanesulfonic acid), monoclonal myoglobin antibodies (anti-Mb) and myoglobin (Mb) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (São Paulo, Brazil). All aqueous solutions were prepared with water distilled in OS10LXE Gehaka equipment (São Paulo, Brazil).

Lima F.M., de Menezes A.S., Maciel A.P., Sinfrônio F.S., Kubota L.T., Damos F.S, & Luz R.C. (2022). Zero-Biased Photoelectrochemical Detection of Cardiac Biomarker Myoglobin Based on CdSeS/ZnS Quantum Dots and Barium Titanate Perovskite. Molecules, 27(15), 4778.

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Chitosan-based Drug Delivery System

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Chitosan (CS; CAS No. 9012-76-4, low molecular weight −50,000–190,000 Da; 75–85% deacetylated chitin, poly (D-glucosamine), polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000), L-lysine α-oxidase (LO) from Trichoderma viride, ethidium bromide (EB), acridine orange (AO), hydrochloric acid, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC: HCl), rhodamine 123 (Rh123), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), propodium iodine (PI), dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibody anti-HER2 (Herceptin, trastuzumab; A1046-100 Lot. 4E31A10460) was obtained from BioVision Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA. The cell viability assay kit CELLO MAXTM was procured from MediFab, Republic of Korea. Cell culture media (Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium; RPMI), fetal bovine serum (FBS), SnakeSkin™ Dialysis Tubing (10 K MWCO, 35 mm), penicillin and streptomycin (P&S), and apoptosis kit (Annexin V FITC and PI) for flow cytometry were acquired from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Human breast cancer cell line (BT474) was purchased from Korean Cell Line Bank, (KCLB), Seoul, Korea. Seven-week-old BALB/c/nu/nu female mice weighing 20–22 g were purchased from Nara Biotech, Seoul, Korea.

Saravanakumar K., Sathiyaseelan A., Park S., Kim S.R., Priya V.V, & Wang M.H. (2022). Monoclonal Antibody Functionalized, and L-lysine α-Oxidase Loaded PEGylated-Chitosan Nanoparticle for HER2/Neu Targeted Breast Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics, 14(5), 927.

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Chitosan-Based Antimicrobial Film Development

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The following chemicals were used during this research: low-molecular weight (LMW) chitosan (50 to 190 kDa), deacetylated chitin, Poly (D-glucosamine) from Sigma-Aldrich; sodium tripolyphosphate—TPP (MW = 367.85 g/mol) from Acros Organics, Belgium; hydro-alcoholic natural tincture of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), 10% T. vulgaris L., 90% ethanol (15%) from Soria Natural, Spain; acetic acid (MW = 60.05 g/mol), ≥99.8% from Sigma-Aldrich; ethanol (MW = 46.07 g/mol), 99.8% (GC) from Honeywell Sigma-Aldrich; MilliQ water—Milli-Q Direct system—Millipore, 0.2 μm PES High Flux Capsule Filter; polyethylene—PE normal quality, transparent, GSM = 46.28 g/m² (thickness 50 µm, slippery 0.207) from Makoter d.o.o.; polypropylene—PP normal transparent oriented, GSM = 22.93 g/m² (thickness 27 µm, slippery 0.278) from Manucor S.p.A., Italy.

Zemljič L.F., Plohl O., Vesel A., Luxbacher T, & Potrč S. (2020). Physicochemical Characterization of Packaging Foils Coated by Chitosan and Polyphenols Colloidal Formulations. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(2), 495.

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Encapsulation of Resveratrol in Chitosan Nanoparticles

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Low-molecular weight chitosan (50 to 190 kDa), poly (D-glucosamine) from Sigma-Aldrich; sodium tripolyphosphate—TPP (MW = 367.86 g/mol) from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA; Resveratrol (MW = 228.24 g/mol), ≥99% (HPLC) from Sigma-Aldrich; acetic acid (MW = 60.05 g/mol), ≥99.8% from Sigma-Aldrich; ethanol (99.8%, GC) from Sigma-Aldrich. Ultrapure water—Milli-Q Direct system (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA). Polyethylene—PE normal quality, transparent, GSM = 46.28 g/m² (thickness 50 µm, Slippery 0.207) from Makoter d.o.o., Ljutomer, Slovenia; Polypropylene—PP normal transparent oriented, GSM = 22.93 g/m² (Thickness 27 µm, Slippery 0.278) from Manucor S.p.A., Sessa Aurunca, Italy.

Glaser T.K., Plohl O., Vesel A., Ajdnik U., Ulrih N.P., Hrnčič M.K., Bren U, & Fras Zemljič L. (2019). Functionalization of Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP) Material Using Chitosan Nanoparticles with Incorporated Resveratrol as Potential Active Packaging. Materials, 12(13), 2118.

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Bay Tree Pulping and Nanofiber Production

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Bay tree pruning waste (BTPW) was kindly supplied by an independent farmer from Arjonilla (37°58′27″ N-4°06′27″ W) in the province of Jaén, Spain.
The following reagents were used during the pulping process and cellulose micro/nanofibers production and characterization: sodium hydroxide (NaOH, pellets, pure, pharma grade, CAS: 1310-73-2), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%, CAS: 7647-01-0), acetic acid glacial (99.7% purity, CAS: 64-19-7), and Copper(II) Ethylenediamine (CAS: 14552-35-3) from PanReac AppliChem, ITW Reagents; sodium chlorite (NaClO, 80% purity, CAS: 7758-19-2) and sodium bromide (NaBr, 99%, CAS: 7647-15-6) from Honeywell, Fluka^TM; 2,2,6,6,-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO, free radical, 98% purity, CAS: 2564-83-2) from Sigma-Aldrich; Poly-Dacmac (0.001 N, CAS: 26062-79-3) and Pes-Na (0.001 N, CAS: 25704-18-1) from BTG.
The reagents used during aerogel preparation and characterization were chitosan (high molecular weight 310,000–375,000 Da, >75% deacetylated chitin, Poly (D-glucosamine), CAS: 9012-76-4) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, ethanol (96.0%, PanReac AppliChem ITW Reagents, CAS: 64-17-5), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, Sigma-Aldrich, CAS: 1898-66-4), soybean oil (CAS: 8001-22-7) from Guinama S.L.U., potassium dihydrogen phosphate (CAS: 7778-77-0) and di-Potassium hydrogen phosphate (CAS: 7758-11-4) from LabKem labbox.

Rincón E., Espinosa E., Pinillos M, & Serrano L. (2023). Bioactive Absorbent Chitosan Aerogels Reinforced with Bay Tree Pruning Waste Nanocellulose with Antioxidant Properties for Burger Meat Preservation. Polymers, 15(4), 866.

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Chitosan-based Antimicrobial Film Fabrication

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Low-molecular weight chitosan (50 to 190 kDa) poly (D-glucosamine), sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP; MW 367.86 g/mol), ethanol (99.8%, GC), acetic acid (≥99.8%; MW 60.05 g/mol), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acids) reagent (ABTS), and free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Quaternary chitosan, i.e., Chitosan Quaternary Ammonium Salt, was purchased from CD Bioparticles (Shirley, NY, USA), and the polylactide, polylactic acid—PLA film from Optimont^® PLA—Folie, (Bleher Folientehnik GmbH, Germany), the Potassium persulfate from Sigma-Aldrich (99.99%, St. Louis, MO, USA.), Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS, pH = 7.4) from Chemsolute (Th. Geyer GmbH & Co., Ltd. KG, Renningen, Germany), and Methanol (99.8%) from Honeyweel (Charlotte, NC, USA).
Tryptic soy broth and agar (TSB, TSA; Biolife, Milan, Italy), plate count agar (PCA; VWR BDH Chemicals, Leuven, Belgium), casein peptone, soy peptone, lecithin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), glycerol, NaCl, Tween 80 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and glucose (Kemika, Zagreb, Croatia) were used for the microbiological analyses.

Zemljič L.F., Glaser T.K., Plohl O., Anžel I., Šimat V., Čagalj M., Mežnar E., Malin V., Sterniša M, & Možina S.S. (2022). Biomass-Derived Plant Extracts in Macromolecular Chitosan Matrices as a Green Coating for PLA Films. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 13(4), 228.

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Hydrogel Preparation Using Natural Biopolymers

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ALG with low viscosity (viscosity of 1% aq solution: 40-90 mPa s) were obtained by Tate & Lyle Group (Tate & Lyle, London, UK). GT (Rotel Inc., İstanbul, Turkey) and XN (Jungbunzlauer, Basel, Switzerland) are gum types used in hydrogel preparation. CH (deacetylated chitin, Poly(d-glucosamine) with medium molecular weight) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) to be used in coating solution. Honey (Binboga Bal, Turkey) and calcium chloride (Merck, USA) were used in different coating formulations. As a model active agent, PC was supplied from Konya Seker Inc. (Konya, Turkey). Chemicals as sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Absolute hydrochloric acid (37%, with density of 1.19 g/cm 3 at 20 °C, boiling point of 45 °C, melting point of -28 °C) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ) (EMSURE ISO) were obtained from Merck (Germany).

Cikrikci Erunsal S. (2023). Evaluation of multicomplex systems on pomegranate concentrate loaded alginate hydrogels by low-field NMR relaxometry: physicochemical characterization and controlled release study. Journal of food science and technology, 60(7).

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Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymer Composites

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PVA (87–90%
hydrolyzed, M_w 30,000–70,000),
poly(d-glucosamine), CHN (medium MW), β-CD (purity
≥97%), and glutaraldehyde solution were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
Co. (Germany). Broad-spectrum aminoglycoside STP (C₂₁H₃₉N₇O₁₂) was provided by PubChem, India.
Without further purification or modifications, all other chemicals
were used as received.

Mohsen M., Abdel Gaber S.A., Shoueir K.R., El-Kemary M, & Abo El-Yazeed W.S. (2024). Synthesis of Cross-Linked and Sterilized Water-Soluble Electrospun Nanofiber Biomatrix of Streptomycin-Imbedded PVA/CHN/β-CD for Wound Healing. ACS Omega, 9(9), 10058-10068.

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