Ammonium nitrate nh4no3

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 98%), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 99%), l-lysine (98%), styrene, 2,20-azobis (2-methylpropionamide) dihydrochloride (AIBA), ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃, 98%), chitosan low molecular weight, poloxamer-407, curcumin (77%), and sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile (HPLC grade), acetic acid, and absolute ethanol were purchased from Qhemis. Tween 80^® was purchased from Synth (Diadema, SP, BR). Ultrapure water (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA) was used in all experiments.

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium hydroxide, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propylisocyanate, 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTEE), 2,6-diaminopyridine, ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃), and potassium bromide, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 5,5′-bis(triisopropoxysilyl)-2,2′-bipyridine was purchased from TCI. 5,5′-bis(triethoxysilyl)-2,2′-bipyridine was purchased from Sikemia. Absolute ethanol was purchased from Fisher Chemicals.

All reagents used for batch adsorption studies were reagent grade or higher, including copper(II) nitrate trihydrate (Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O), ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃), nitric acid (HNO₃), and ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Ultrapure HNO₃ (ULTREX II, J. T. Baker, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) was used for dilutions and sample preservation. Aqueous concentrations of Cu²⁺ were quantified via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) (NexION 350D, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA). All gasses and cryogenic liquids used for ICP-MS analysis and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis were ultrapure quality grade (Matheson, Basking Ridge, NJ) including liquid and gaseous argon (Ar) and nitrogen (N₂), along with helium (He) gas. All mesoporous materials were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). These materials included SBA-15-8, SBA-15-6, SBA-16-4 correspond to hexagonally ordered cylindrical pores with diameters of 4, 6, and 8 nm. Milli-Q H₂O (Barnstead NANOpure Diamond, resistivity of 18.2 MΩ*cm, 0.2 μm filtered and UV irradiated) was used in the preparation of all solutions and suspensions.

The materials employed in this study are listed as follows: tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, 98%, Sigma Aldrich, Darmstad, Germany), ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH, Sigma-Aldrich, 30–33%), ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃, Sigma-Aldrich), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES, Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄, 99.9%, Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA), n-octane (Alfa Aesar), sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, Alfa Aesar, 99%), paraformaldehyde (Alfa Aesar, 97%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium citrate dehydrate (MACRON), potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃, J.B. Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ, USA), ethanol (J.B. Baker, 99.5%), dihydroethidium (DHE, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA), wheat germ agglutinate AlexaFluor 488 (WGA-488, Thermo Fisher Scientific), ProLong^® Diamond Antifade Mountant (Thermo Fisher Scientific), Hoechst 33342 (AAT bioquest), γ-H2AX antibody, and anti-mouse-AlexaFluor594 (GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA).

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide CTAB (>99%), tetraethoxysilane TEOS (98%), anhydrous toluene (99.8%), triethylenetetramine TETA (≥97%), NaH₂PO₄ (99%), Na₂HPO₄ (99%), NaCl, NaOH, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane CPTMS (≥97%), toluene, ammonium nitrate NH₄NO₃, sulphamethizole (99%) and dimethylformamide (DMF ≥ 99.9%), were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milano, Italy). Ethanol (99.8%) was provided by Honeywell.