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8 protocols using gwiz luc

1

Plasmid-mediated gene delivery protocol

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gWiz plasmid containing luciferase (gWiz-Luc), or Green Fluorescence Protein reporter gene (gWiz-GFP) were purchased from Aldevron (Fargo, ND) as 5 mg/ml aqueous solution and used without further purification. Plasmid DNA encoding the human interferon-beta1 (IFN-β1) inserted into a pCMV6-XL4 vector was purchased from OriGene Technologies Inc. (Rockville, MD) and used without further purification. Polyethylenimine branched (PEI, molecular weight 25,000 Da) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Ethidium Bromide: 1% solution, and agarose were procured from Fisher Bioreagents (Fair Lawn, NJ). GeneRuler 1 kb (DNA ladder) and 6x DNA loading dye were purchased from Thermo Scientific (Vilnius, Lithuania). Cell Titer Glo 2.0 reagent and cell culture lysis 5x reagent were from Promega (Madison, WI). ATP, Lucifer Yellow CH dilithium, and heparin sodium salt were purchased from MP Biomedicals (Illkirch, France). Pierce BCA protein assay kit for total protein measurement was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL). Annexin V Alexa Fluor 647 conjugate and e-Bioscience 7-AAD viability staining solution were procured from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Carlsbad, CA). All the chemicals used for the experiments were obtained as molecular biology grade, DNase, RNase, and protease-free materials.
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2

Molecular Tools for Cell Analysis

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The reporter plasmids encoded luciferase (gWiz-Luc) and green fluorescent protein (gWiz-GFP) were purchased from Aldevron (Fargo, ND). CPA, a reagent for intracellular calcium depletion, was obtained from Iurii Semennov (Old Dominion University). D-Luciferin, which was utilized for luciferase assay or live cell imaging, was purchased from Goldbio Technology (St Louis, MO). WST-1 for cell viability assay was obtained from Roche Applied Science (Indianapolis, IN).
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3

Plasmid DNA for Luciferase and VEGF-A

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Plasmid DNA encoding luciferase, gWizLuc, was purchased from Aldevron (Fargo, ND). Plasmid DNA encoding human VEGF-A165 tagged with a DDK tag (pVEGF-A-DDK) purchased from OriGene (Rockville, MD). Plasmid DNA was suspended in sterile saline at 2 mg/mL by Aldevron. Endotoxin levels were < 0.1 EU/μg plasmid, confirmed by Aldevron via a Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay.
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4

Lipid-based Nanoparticle Formulation and Characterization

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Lipids including 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-mPEG(2 kDa)), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol-amine-N-[maleimide(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (ammonium salt) (DSPE-PEG(2 kDa)-MAL) and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethy-lammonium-propane (DOTAP) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids and used without further purification. Heterobifunctional cross-linker 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionyl hydrazide) (PDPH) was obtained from Pierce. Heparin, sodium nitrite, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride), 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Ellman's reagent), tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP-HCl), and Triton X-100 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. Plasmid DNA encoding for reporter proteins firefly luciferase (gWiz-Luc) and GFP (gWiz-GFP) were obtained from Aldevron.
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5

HaCaT Cell Transfection with Plasmids

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The human Keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, was used for all in vitro experimental studies. Cells were cultured in DMEM + pen-Strep and 10% FBS. Cells were harvested from flasks with 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA and resuspended at 5 million cells/ml in complete media.
Plasmids: 5 μl of either Gwizluc or GwizGFP (Aldevron) at 2 mg/ml were used in this study to evaluate gene expression.
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6

Cellular Uptake Mechanisms Evaluation

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1,4-Butanediol diacrylate and 5-amino-1-pentanol were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). Dodecylamine was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). (PEO)4-bisamine (“122”) was acquired from Molecular Biosciences (Boulder, CO, USA). All chemical reagents were used without further purification. Plasmids encoding green fluorescent protein (gWiz-GFP) and firefly luciferase (gWiz-Luc) were purchased from Aldevron (Fargo, ND, USA). jetPEI (Polyplus Transfection, Illkirch, France) and Lipofectamine 2000 were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA) and Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA), respectively. Transferrin, cholera toxin B, and 10 000 MW dextran, each labeled with AlexaFluor 647, were purchased from Invitrogen. Cytochalasin D, dynasore hydrate, chlorpromazine hydrochloride, filipin III, genistein, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride, and U18666A were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines were cultured in DMEM (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen).
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7

Synthesis and Characterization of Cationic Polymers

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1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole
(CDI), bis(2-hydroxyethyl) disulfide (BHED), spermidine (SPM) trihydrochloride,
putrescine (PUT) dihydrochloride, and branched polyethylenimine (PEI,
25 kDa) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Dichloromethane
(DCM) (99.9%, extra dry, AcroSeal), tetrahydrofuran (THF, 99.85%,
extra dry, AcroSeal), 5-sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate (SSA), 1,7-diaminoheptane
(DAH), dansyl chloride (5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride,
98%), and 1,6-hexanediol were from Acros Organics (Fair Lawn, NJ). l-Proline was from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA). Spermine (SPM)
was from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA). BENSpm was synthesized by
following a previously described procedure.22 (link) Plasmid DNA containing a luciferase reporter gene (gWiz-Luc) was
from Aldevron (Fargo, ND), and human tumor necrosis factor (TNFα)
plasmid DNA was obtained from InvivoGen (San Diego, CA). Dulbecco’s
modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Eagle’s minimum essential
medium (EMEM), Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (PBS),
fetal bovine serum (FBS), l-glutamine, and penicillin–streptomycin
were from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA). RT-PCR primers were purchased
from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). All other reagents and chemicals were
obtained from Fisher Scientific or VWR International unless otherwise
stated.
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8

Plasmid Light Scattering Analysis

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A 1.5 μM solution of plasmid gWiz-Luc (6732 bp; Aldevron, Fargo, ND, USA) was prepared in 10 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2) in a total volume of 2.5 ml. Small volumes (<10 μl) of metallohelices were added to the DNA solution in a 1 cm quartz cuvette to obtain the desired concentration. The mixture was thoroughly mixed by pipetting and left undisturbed for 3 min at RT. Total intensity light scattering was measured at 90° angle with respect to the incident beam by using Varian Cary Eclipse spectrofluorophotometer with the following parameters: the excitation and emission wavelengths were set to 305 nm, the excitation and emission slit widths were 5 nm, and the averaging time was set to 3 s.
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