Analytical grade volatile phenols (
guaiacol, 4-methyl
guaiacol, 4-ethyl
guaiacol,
4-ethylphenol,
o-cresol,
m-cresol,
p-cresol, and
eugenol) and deuterated NMR solvents (
d6-ethanol, D
2O, and DCl) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Castle Hill, NSW, Australia). Deuterium-labelled internal standards (
d3-
guaiacol,
d3-4-methyl
guaiacol, and
d4-
4-ethylphenol) were sourced from CDN Isotopes (Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada).
Analytical grade ethanol,
tartaric acid, and
sodium hydroxide were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Food grade (>98% purity) α-, β-, and γ-CDs were supplied by IMCD Group (Adelaide, SA, Australia). Model wine was prepared by dissolving
tartaric acid (5 g/L) in aqueous ethanol (12% alcohol by volume) and adjusting the pH to 3.5 by dropwise addition of 1 M
sodium hydroxide. Stock solutions of internal standards and volatile phenols were prepared volumetrically in absolute ethanol and stored at −20 °C, with working solutions prepared in model wine and stored at 4 °C.
Dang C., Wilkinson K.L., Jiranek V, & Taylor D.K. (2019). Development and Evaluation of a HS-SPME GC-MS Method for Determining the Retention of Volatile Phenols by Cyclodextrin in Model Wine. Molecules, 24(19), 3432.