Anti ho 1 pab

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine/penicillin/streptomycin, and anti-α-tubulin monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were purchased from Invitrogen (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). LPS and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-iNOS, COX2, and Nrf2 polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). An anti-HO-1 pAb was purchased from Enzo (Farmingdale, New York, NY, USA). The anti-phospho-p65 (Ser536) mAb was purchased from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) and sheep anti-mouse IgG were purchased from Amersham (Buckinghamshire, U.K.). Enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) Western blotting detection reagent and Hybond-P polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) blotting membranes were purchased from GE Healthcare Life Sciences (Waukesha, WI, USA).

Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/F-12 and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). 5, 8-Dihydroxy-4′,7-dimethoxyflavone (DDF, Figure 1) was kindly provided by the Natural Products Laboratory of Dr. Yann-Lii Leu (Chang Gung University, Taiwan). Hybond C membrane and enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) Western blotting detection system were purchased from GE Healthcare Biosciences (Buckinghamshire, England, UK). Antibodies against phospho-p38 and phospho-Nrf2 were purchased from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA). Actinomycin D (Act.D), cycloheximide (CHI), N-acetyl cysteine, SP600125, GSH, trolox, diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), PD98059, and p38 inhibitor VIII (p38i VIII) were purchased from Biomol (Plymouth Meeting, PA). Anti-β-actin antibody was purchased from Biogenesis (Boumemouth, UK). Anti-GAPDH (#MCA-1D4) was obtained from EnCor Biotechnology (Gainesville, FL). Anti-HO-1 pAb and Glutathione (GSSG/GSH) detection kits were purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY). CTGF antibody (sc-25440) was purchased from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Mitotempol, dihydroethidium (DHE), and CM-H₂DCFDA were purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). SDS-PAGE reagents were purchased from MDBio Inc. (Taipei, Taiwan). Thrombin and other chemicals were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Columbianadin (CBN, >98%) was purchased from ChemFaces Biochem, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), PD98059, SP600125, BAY11-7082, and DMPO were purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA). The antibodies against phospho-p38 MAPK Ser¹⁸² (pAb), IκBα (44D4), phospho-c-JNK (Thr¹⁸³/Tyr¹⁸⁵), p38 MAPK, NF-κB p65 (mAb), phospho-p44/p42 ERK (Thr²⁰²/Tyr²⁰⁴), and phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser⁵³⁶) pAb were all purchased from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA, UAS). Anti-HO-1 pAb was purchased from Enzo (Farmingdale, New York, USA). The monoclonal antibody against α-tubulin was derived from NeoMarkers (Fremont, CA, USA). CBN was dissolved in 0.1% DMSO. All other chemicals and reagents used in this study were commercially purchased from Sigma until specified otherwise.