Jsm 6700f

To prepare the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ specimens, equimolar CH₃NH₃I and PbI₂ (98%, Sinopharm) were mixed in γ-butyrolactone (97%, Sinopharm) at 60  °C overnight whilst being stirred. Then, the aqueous precursor was deposited on FTO glass by spin-coating at 2000 rpm for 40s. Finally, the specimens were annealed at 100  °C for 15 min on a preheated hot plate, and the obtained CH₃NH₃PbI₃/FTO films were brown black27 .
In situ synchrotron radiation XRD was performed at the BL14B station of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), and the experimental setup is schematically shown in Fig. 1. The diffractive patterns were recorded by a two-dimension x-ray detector (charge coupled device, CCD) with 3072 × 3072 pixels. To monitor the reaction at real-time, the diffraction patterns were continuously recorded with 10 seconds per frame and 1 second between adjacent frames.
To investigate the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film morphology before/after the reaction, microscopy analysis was performed by using optical microscope (OLYMPUS, BX51) and scanning electron microscope (SEM, JSM-6700F).

¹H-NMR spectrum was measured on Bruker Avance 400 M NMR spectrometer. Lambda 35 spectrophotometer from Perkin–Elmer was used to record UV-vis absorption. Fluorescence emission and excitation spectra were measured on HITACHI F-4500 fluorescence spectrometer. The morphology of the nanofibrous membrane was investigated by SEM (JSM-6700F) and CLSM (OLYMPUS, FV1000-IX81). Thermogravimetric analyzer TGA 8000 from Perkin–Elmer was used to record the TGA curves of CA-FITC and CA-PpIX under nitrogen atmosphere. The FTIR spectra were measured by NICOLET 6700 from Thermo-Fisher Scientific. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was conducted on TA-Q200 differential scanning calorimeter (TA Instruments, USA) under nitrogen atmosphere. The total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) was measured by K-375 Kjeldahl apparatus from BUCHI Corporation.