ESCC cell lines were treated with 10 μmol/L 5-aza-2V-deoxycytidine (a demethylation agent) (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) as previously described 28 (link). For the treatment combining 5-aza-2V-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A (Sigma-Aldrich), cells were treated with 5-aza-2V-deoxycytidine for 3 days and subsequently treated with trichostatin A (an inhibitor of histone deacetylases) (100 ng/mL) for 24 hours.
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