N hexane

Acetone, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, concentrated sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, acetonitrile, ascorbic acid, methanol, formic acid, sodium acetate, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, iron(III) chloride hexahydrate solution, ammonium acetate, were purchased from Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Factory (Guangzhou, China). phenolic compound standards [rutin (Rut), quercetin (Que), quercitrin (Quer), isoquercitrin (Iso), chlorogenic acid (ChA), syringic acid (SyA), ferulic acid (FeA), caffeic acid (CaA), resveratrol (Res), epicatechin (Epi), astragalin (Ast), scopoletin (Sco), galangal (Gal), catechuic acid (CatA), vanillic acid (VaA), benzoic acid (BeA), gallic acid (GaA), and protocatechuic acid (PrA)] were purchased from the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China). 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2ʹ-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Samples of soy sauce in brewing process were obtained from Lee Kum Kee (Xinhui) Food Co., Ltd. (Jiangmen, China). The soy sauce was made from water, soybean (Zhongyiheng Agricultural Products Co., Ltd., Liaoning, China), wheat flour (Jiangsu Nanshun Food Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China), and edible salt (Hubei Guangyan Lantian Salt Chemical Co., Ltd., Hubei, China).
Oil red O and fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid) were purchased from Sigma Co., Ltd., Boston, MA, USA. Alcohol, n‐hexane, diethyl ether, chloroform, isopropanol, and methyl alcohol were of the highest commercial grade and obtained from Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China.