Formaldehyde

Paclitaxel (PAC) was supplied by Tianfeng Biotechnology Company (Xian, China). Tetrapropyl orthosilicate (TPOS), (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), N-hydroxysuccinimide(NHS), and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) were purchased from Aladdin reagent company. Ethanol, NH₃H₂O, resorcinol, formaldehyde, hydrofluoric acid, Al(NO₃)₃, hyaluronic acid (HA), methyl tert-butyl ether, chloroform, acetonitrile, fetal bovine serum (FBS), RPMI 1640 medium, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), propidium iodide (PI), Annexin V-FITC, and trypsin were bought from Beijing Dingguo Changsheng Biotech Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).

Frozen tissues embedded in OCT compound were cut into ten-micrometer thick and fixed in 4 % formaldehyde (Dingguo, Shanghai, China). After washing, sections were incubated with primary antibody for 1 h at 37 °C in a moist chamber. Rabbit anti-human von Willebrand Factor antibody (ab6994) was purchased from Abcam and used as the primary antibody at a dilution of 1:200 to examine the integrity of endothelial cells. To visualize the primary antibodies, cells were stained with Cy3-conjugated secondary antibodies. After washing, cells were double stained with DAPI to visualize the nuclei. Images were obtained using a confocal microscope and photographs were taken with Olympus confocal software. The semi-quantification data for vWF protein level in the liver tissue were determined with the computer-assisted image analysis system.