A methanol solution (2000 mg·L−1 each component) containing N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), N-nitromorpholine (NMor), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPyr), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPip), N-nitrosodi-n-butylamide (NDBA), N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Ammonium acetate was LC–MS grade from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and methanol, n-hexane dichloromethane and formic acid were LC–MS grade from Fisher (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA, USA). All ultra-pure water used in the experiment was prepared by a Milli-Q system (Millipore, MA, USA).
N nitrosodimethylamine
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
N-nitrosodimethylamine is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a reagent and an intermediate in organic synthesis. The core function of this product is to facilitate specific chemical reactions and procedures conducted in laboratory settings. No further details or interpretations regarding its intended use can be provided.
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Lab products found in correlation
N nitrosodiethylamine, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
N nitrosodi n propylamine, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
N nitrosopiperidine, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
N nitrosodiphenylamine, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
N nitrosomethylethylamine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
N nitrosopyrrolidine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
N nitrosodibutylamine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
N nitrosomorpholine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cumene hydroperoxide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Aspirin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dodecyl maltoside, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 7 dichlorofluorescein diacetate dcf da, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Glutathione reductase, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nf κb p65, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (2 mentions)
1 chloro 2 4 dinitrobenzene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Coenzyme q2, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Atp bioluminescent somatic cell assay kit, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Apoptosis detection kits for flow cytometry, by BD (2 mentions)
Il6 and tnf α measurement kits, by BD (2 mentions)
Antimycin a, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
12 protocols using n nitrosodimethylamine
1
Determination of Nitrosamines in Methanol
2
Analysis of N-Nitrosamines in Chemicals
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Dimethylamine (DMA), diethylamine
(DEA), sulfamic acid, formaldehyde (HCHO, 37 wt % in H2O containing 10–15% methanol as a stabilizer), acetone, and
benzaldehyde were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, pyrrolidine (PYR),
morpholine (MOR), sodium nitrite, and acetaldehyde from Merck, and N-methylethylamine (MEA) from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI)
Co., Ltd. The US-EPA 8270 N-nitrosamines mix (2000
μg/mL each component in methanol), containing N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), N-nitrosodiethylamine
(NDEA), N-nitrosoDimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
(NDPA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), N-nitrosopiperidine
(NPIP), and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), was obtained
from Sigma-Aldrich. All chemicals were of analytical grade and used
as received without further purification.
(DEA), sulfamic acid, formaldehyde (HCHO, 37 wt % in H2O containing 10–15% methanol as a stabilizer), acetone, and
benzaldehyde were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, pyrrolidine (PYR),
morpholine (MOR), sodium nitrite, and acetaldehyde from Merck, and N-methylethylamine (MEA) from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI)
Co., Ltd. The US-EPA 8270 N-nitrosamines mix (2000
μg/mL each component in methanol), containing N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), N-nitrosodiethylamine
(NDEA), N-nitrosoDimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
(NDPA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), N-nitrosopiperidine
(NPIP), and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), was obtained
from Sigma-Aldrich. All chemicals were of analytical grade and used
as received without further purification.
3
Hepatoprotective Mechanisms of Natural Compounds
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Aspirin, LPS, NAC, NADPH, reduced glutathione (GSH), 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), cumene hydroperoxide, glutathione reductase, 5,5’-dithio bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), cytochrome c, coenzyme Q2, antimycin A, dodecyl maltoside, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), erythromycin and ATP bioluminescent somatic cell assay kits were purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA). 2,7-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) was purchased from Molecular Probes, Inc. (Eugene, OR, USA). Kits for mitochondrial membrane potential assays were procured from R & D Systems, MN, USA. Apoptosis detection kits for flow cytometry and IL6 and TNF-α measurement kits were purchased from BD Pharmingen (BD Biosciences, San Jose, USA). HepG2 cells were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). Polyclonal antibodies against beta-actin, HO-1, IκB-α, NF-κBp65, PARP, Nrf-2 and cytochrome c were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Reagents for electrophoresis and Western blot analyses were purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Richmond, CA, USA).
4
Isolation of Rat Adipose-Derived Cells
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N-nitroso-dimethylamine, collagenases type I, hyaluronidase type IV, DNase I, penicillin and streptomycin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO). Growth media and gentamicin were obtained from GIBCO BRL., Life Technologies (Gaithersburg, MD). Collagenase Medium consisted of RPMI 1640 medium containing 0.1% collagenase type I, 0.01% hyaluronidase type IV, 0.01% DNase I, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomicin. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was the product of Fermentas International Inc. (Burlington, Canada). Polyclonal rabbit anti-rat-GLUT-1, anti-rat-GLUT-3 and anti-TGF ß-1 were bought from Abcam Inc. (Cambridge, MA, USA). Texas red-conjugated anti-rabbit secondary antibody and Vectashield Hard Set mounting medium containing DAPI were from Vector Laboratories, Ltd. (Peterborough, England).
Phospate buffered saline (PBS) contained: 140 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 8 mM Na2HPO4 at pH 7.3. Phosphate buffered saline with Tween (PBST) consisted of 0.1% Tween 20, 20 mM Na2HPO4, 115 mM NaCl; pH 7.4. The collagenase Solution for perfusion contained 30 mg collagenase type IV in 100 ml PBS solution.
Phospate buffered saline (PBS) contained: 140 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 8 mM Na2HPO4 at pH 7.3. Phosphate buffered saline with Tween (PBST) consisted of 0.1% Tween 20, 20 mM Na2HPO4, 115 mM NaCl; pH 7.4. The collagenase Solution for perfusion contained 30 mg collagenase type IV in 100 ml PBS solution.
5
Chemical Compound Procurement for Research
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Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, CAS 50-32-8), 1,12-benzoperylene (CAS 191-24-2), 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC, CAS 56-49-5), aflatoxin B1 (CAS 1162-65-8), o-aminoazotoluene (CAS 97-56-3), rifampicin (CAS 13292-46-1), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO, CAS 56-57-5), cisplatin (CAS 15663-27-1) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Merck). Isoniazid (CAS 54-85-3), cyclophosphamidum (CAS 50-18-0), phenobarbital (CAS 50-06-6) were obtained from Baxter Oncology. Nitrosamines N-nitrosodiallylamine (NDAA, CAS 16338-97-9), N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA, CAS 924-16-3), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA, CAS 62-75-9), N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA, CAS 621-64-7), N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA, CAS 86-30-6), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA, CAS 55-18-5) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Merck).
6
Opisthorchis viverrini-Induced Cholangiocarcinoma in Hamsters
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Opisthorchis viverrini infection with N‐nitrosodimethylamine in the hamster model has been widely used to study the tumorigenesis processes of bile duct cancer.28 , 29 , 30 The protocol was constructed as previously described.29 In the treatment groups, animals were fed with 50 Ov metacercariae by intragastric intubation combined with the oral administration of 12.5 p.p.m. N‐nitrosodimethylamine (Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 30 days; the control group was left untreated. The hamsters were killed at 60, 90, 120, or 180 days. Liver tissues were collected in paraffin blocks or frozen. All experiments were approved by Animal Ethics Committee of Khon Kaen University (Khon Kaen, Thailand) (AEKKU 23/2555).
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Opisthorchis viverrini infection with N‐nitrosodimethylamine in the hamster model has been widely used to study the tumorigenesis processes of bile duct cancer.
7
NDMA and Dicyclanil Acquisition
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N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, Missouri, USA) and dicyclanil (4,6-diamino-2-cyclopropylaminopyrimidine-5-carbonaitrite; DC) purchased from Novartis, China.
8
Quantification of Nitrosamines in Chemical Samples
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N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), n-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), n-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), n-nitrosodi-n-buthylamine (NDBA), n-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), n-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), n-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), n-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA), n-nitroso-n-methylethylamine (NMEA), and n-nitrodi-n-propylamine-d14 (internal standard) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Korea (Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Korea). Methanol (HPLC grade), ethanol (HPLC grade), acetonitrile (HPLC grade), acetic acid, and n-heptane were purchased from Duksan Pure Chemicals Co. (Danwon-gu, Ansan, Korea). Ultra-pure water was prepared using an aquaMAXTM Ultra 370 series (YL Instruments, Anyang, Korea) water purification system (18.2 MΩ cm).
9
Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response
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Aspirin, LPS, NAC, malondialdehyde, NADPH, 2-thiobarbituric acid, reduced glutathione (GSH), 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), cumene hydroperoxide, glutathione reductase, 5,5′-dithio bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), cytochrome c, coenzyme Q2, antimycin A, dodecyl maltoside, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), erythromycin, 7-ethoxyresorufin, resorufin and ATP bioluminescent somatic cell assay kits were purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA). 2,7-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) was purchased from Molecular Probes, Inc. (Eugene, OR, USA). Kits for mitochondrial membrane potential assays were procured from R & D Systems, MN, USA. Apoptosis detection kits for flow cytometry and IL6 and TNF-α measurement kits were purchased from BD Pharmingen (BD Biosciences, San Jose, USA). Murine macrophage J774.2 cells, which are circulatory monocyte macrophages from tumor bearing mice, were purchased from European Collection of cell cultures (Health Protection Agency Culture Collections, Salisbury, UK). Polyclonal antibodies against beta-actin, HO-1, TNF-α, Nrf-2, IκB-α, cytochrome c, and Bcl-2 and, NF-κBp65 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Reagents for electrophoresis and Western blot analyses were purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Richmond, CA, USA).
10
Nitrosamine Standard Mixture Analysis
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All chemicals used in the analysis were of analytical purity. A nitrosamine standard mixture in dichloromethane (2000 mg/L) containing N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-Nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), N-Nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (EPA 521 Nitrosamine Mix, 2000 ppm, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, USA). Different concentrations N-nitrosamine standards in were stored at -18 o C. N-nitrosamines are potential carcinogens, so studies have been done carefully.
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