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4 protocols using zearalenone

1

Optimized Protocols for Mycotoxin Detection

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All DNA sequences (shown in Table S1) were synthesized by Sangon Biotech. Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and purified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Tris (2-carboxyethyl), Tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP), 6× Glycerol Gel Loading Buffer, and 10× TM buffer (80 mM MgSO4; pH 7.4) were also obtained from Sangon Biotech. Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4), NaCl, MgCl2, Trisodium citrate, and H2O2 were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Hemin, 2-methylimidazole, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), Tween 20, and Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) were provided by Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The AFB1 ELISA kit was bought from BEOSEN Food Safety Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuxi, China). Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisin B1 (FB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), and ochratoxin (OTA) were obtained from Pribolab Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ·cm) was prepared through the Millipore water purification system.
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2

Multiplexed Detection of Mycotoxins

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All DNA strands listed in Table 1 were synthesized and purified by Sangon Biotech Inc. (Shanghai, China). Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), ochratoxin B (OTB), fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), and zearalenone (ZAE) were purchased from Pribolab (Qingdao, China). Beer and corn flour were bought from a local supermarket. Assay buffer was 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) solution containing 50 mM NaCl, 50 mM MgCl2, and 0.1% Tween20. Black 96-wells microplates were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, USA). All reagents used for experiments were analytical reagents. Solutions were prepared with ultrapure water (>18.2 MΩ·cm) from a Purelab Ultra Genetic Elga Labwater system (High Wycombe, UK).
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3

Cloning and Expression of Zearalenone-Degrading Enzyme

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E. coli JM109 was used as the cloning host strain. The plasmid pET28a (+) and E. coli BL21 (DE3) were used for gene expression. Luria–Bertani (LB) medium was prepared to culture the strains. Restriction enzymes (BamHI and HindIII), Ex Taq DNA polymerase, T4 DNA ligase, and other related enzymes were obtained from Takara (Dalian, China). Isopropyl-β-D-1-thiogalactopyranosid (IPTG) and kanamycin were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). Zearalenone was bought from Pribolab (Qingdao, China) and dissolved in acetonitrile as a standard stock solution (1 mg/mL). acetonitrile and methanol of HPLC grade were purchased from ANPEL laboratory Technologies (Shanghai, China).
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4

Mycotoxin Detection Using QD-Nanobody

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Restriction enzymes and PrimeSTAR® HS DNA polymerase were supplied by Takara Biomedical Tech. Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China). The primers listed in Table S1 were synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). Gluconic acid, N, N-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC), N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were obtained from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Standards of mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1 (FB1), OTA, ochratoxin B (OTB), ochratoxin C (OTC), and zearalenone (ZEN) were purchased from Pribolab (Qingdao, China). The ZnCdSe/ZnS QDs modified with an amino group (RQD-NH2, λem=614 nm) were supplied by Jiayuan Tech. (Wuhan, China). The recombinant vectors, pET25b-Nb28 encoding the Nb gene against OTA and pGEM-T-SGFP encoding the SGFP gene, were previously prepared in our laboratory. The remaining inorganic chemicals and organic solvents were of analytical grade or purity.
A spectral scanning multimode reader was used to scan the fluorescence spectra and UV–vis spectra (Infinite M200 Pro, Tecan, Switzerland). A PerkinElmer Frontier infrared spectrometer was used to analyze the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA).
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