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35 protocols using sodium molybdate dihydrate

1

Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Synthesis

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Mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane
(MPES, 95%), sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO4·2H2O, >99%), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
(EDTA,
>99), sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC, Na as Na2SO4 30.5–32.5%), lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2, >99%], and cadmium acetate dihydrate [Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O, 98%] were procured from Sigma-Aldrich,
South Africa. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, NC7000 series)
were purchased from NANOCYL SA (Belgium). Ethanol (99.9%), sulfuric
acid (H2SO4, 98%), and nitric acid (HNO3, 37%) were obtained from Minema Chemicals, South Africa.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Based Nanomaterials

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The metal precursors such as nickel nitrate hexahydrate [Ni(NO3)2.6H2O; (99.99%)], sodium molybdate dihydrate [Na2MoO4.2H2O; (99.5%)], sodium hydroxide [NaOH; (97%)], and Urea [CO(NH2)2; (99.5%)] were purchased from sigma Aldrich. All the chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification. Deionized water was used as a solvent throughout the synthesis of the material. Acridine orange (AO), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA), 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), Propidium Iodide (PI), 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), potassium persulfate, trichloroacetic acid and other reagents and chemicals were purchased from HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., (Mumbai, India). The pathogenic bacterial strains of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were obtained from the Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC), Chandigarh, India.
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3

Quantification of Phenolic Compounds

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Standards of phenolic acids and flavonoids (apigenin, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, chrysin, ferulic acid, galangin, gallic acid, hesperidin, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 5-hydroxyferulic acid, kaempferol, methyl p-coumarate, morin, myricetin, naringenin, naringin, p-coumaric acid, pinocembrin, quercetin, quercitrin, rosmarinic acid, rutin, salicylic acid, salicylic acid glucoside, sinapic acid, syringic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid-d6, and salicylic acid-d4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
The sodium molybdate dihydrate, sodium nitrite, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, hydrogen peroxide, sodium ascorbate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and bovine hemoglobin were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). The LC (liquid chromatography) grade methanol, analytical grade orthophosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, aluminum chloride, sodium acetate, ethanol, and Folin–Ciocalteu reagent were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was obtained from Alfa-Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany). All spectrophotometric data were acquired using a Jasco V-530 UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Jasco International Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).
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4

Synthesis of Ni-Co-Mo Hydroxide Catalysts

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Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%), molybdic acid (H2MoO4, ≥85.0% MoO3 basis), cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O, ≥98%), nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate [Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, ≥97%], sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO4.2H2O), and 2-propanol [(CH3)2CHOH, ≥99.5%] were commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich. Carbon black was purchased from Alfa Aesar. Nickel foam and polytetrafluoroethylene were obtained from the MTI Corporation. All the reagents were of analytical grade and used without further purification.
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of MoS2-Based Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

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Titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP, 97%), sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO4*2H2O, 99.5%), thiourea (CS(NH2)2, 99%), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6, 99.99%), ethylene carbonate (EC, 99%), dimethyl carbonate (DMC, 99%) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2, 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Poland). Lithium foil (0.75 mm thick, 99.9%) was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich. Acetylene Black (AB, 99.9%), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF, MW = 180,000) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP, 99.5%) were purchased from Fluka. Deionized water was used in all experiments. All reagents were used without any further purification.
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6

Reagent List for Cellular Assays

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Calcium chloride (CaCl2, 93.0%), 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO4·2H2O, ≥99.5%), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB, ≥98%), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, Mw 40 000), 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA, ≥95%), thiourea (CH4N2S, ≥99%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), citric acid (C6H8O7, ≥99.5%), acridine orange (AO, ≥98%), copper(ii) nitrate hydrate (Cu(NO3)2·2H2O, 99.9%), propidium iodide (PI, ≥95%), folic acid (≥97%), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (3-APTES, ≥99%), 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA, ≥97%), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were ordered from Sigma-Aldrich. All chemicals employed in the studies were of analytical reagent grade, and deionized water was utilized throughout the experiments.
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7

Synthesis of Molybdenum-Nickel Sulfide Catalyst

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Sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO4·2H2O), Nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O), Sulfur (S), Potassium hydroxide (KOH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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8

Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanostructures

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Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O), acetic acid (CH3COOH), acetylacetone (C5H8O2), bis(acetylacetonato)dioxomolibdenum(VI) ([CH3COCH<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.0" width="13.200000pt" height="16.000000pt" viewBox="0 0 13.200000 16.000000" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet"><metadata>
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C(O–)CH3]2MoO2), titanium isopropoxide (C12H28O4Ti), copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), iron sulphate heptahydrate (FeSO4. 7H2O), sodium molybdate dihydrate (NaMoO4·2H2O) and n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (C5H9NO) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Vanadyl acetylacetonate (C10H14O5V), lactic acid (C3H6O3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were purchased from Avra chemicals. Thiourea (CH4N2S) from SDFCL limited. Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates (surface resistivity ∼7 Ω sq.−1) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. All the chemicals used in the study were of analytical grade and used without further purification.
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9

Synthesis of Functionalized Polymers

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The PAN industrial was provided by Taekwang Industry (Korea). Dimethylformamide (DMF; ~ 99.98% purity, Sigma-Aldrich), Glycidyl methacrylate ( C7H10O3 ,  ≤ 97%, Sigma-Aldrich), methanol ( CH3OH , Merck), ethylenediamine (EDA > 99%, Merck), diethylamine (DEA > 99%, Merck), ethanolamine (EA > 99%, Merk), triethylamine (TEA > 99%, Merck), ferrous sulfate heptahydrate ( FeSO4.7H2O ,Sigma-Aldrich), sodium molybdate dihydrate ( Na2MoO4.2H2O ; ~ 99% purity, Sigma Aldrich), Deionized water (DI).
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10

Synthesis and Characterization of Bismuth-based Nanostructures

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Bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate Bi(NO3)3·5H2O ≥ 99.99%, potassium bromide KBr FTIR grade, ≥ 99% purity, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, [C6H9NO]n) (average molar mass of 40,000 g/mol), D-mannitol (C6H14O6) ≥ 98%, sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO6·2H2O), and sodium tungstate dihydrate (Na2WO6·2H2O) ACS reagents ≥ 99% purity were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Bi-distilled MilliQ® water was used as solvent for all reactions throughout the whole work and referred to simply as “water” for convenience. The same water was also used for any washing or dilution procedures. Ethanol (for washings only) >96% was purchased from Honeywell (Seelze, Germany). All reagents were used without further purification.
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