Up200st

An aqueous suspension of GO was prepared using a modified Hummer’s method described in our previous study [49 (link)]. In brief, 0.1 g of flake graphite powder (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was placed in 14 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid (Rushim, Moscow, Russia) with the 0.4 g of potassium permanganate (Rushim, Moscow, Russia). The resulting reaction mixture was placed in a beaker and stirred for three weeks. The reaction was stopped with a 5% solution of hydrogen peroxide (Rushim, Moscow, Russia) (7 mL) and washed with deionized water until the filtrate became neutral. A brown gel-like mass was diluted with water (50 mL) and treated with ultrasound for 5 min on a disperser Hielscher Up 200 St (Hielscher Ultrasonics, Teltow, Germany) at 60 W.
An aqueous suspension of MOG was obtained by the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. A detailed description of the process was provided in our previous study [50 (link)]. Briefly, a graphite rod (Polyprof-L LLC, Moscow, Russia) was electrochemically exfoliated in an NH₄SO₃ (Rushim, Moscow, Russia) solution at 10 V. The resulting product was washed with distilled water and dispersed in water by using an ultrasonic disperser Hielscher Up 200 St (Hielscher Ultrasonics, Teltow, Germany) at 30 W for 10 min.

The suspensions were brought to a concentration of 1 mg/mL by diluting previously obtained suspensions. The concentration was determined by weighing the dry residue using Vibra AF-R220CE (Shinko Denshi Co. ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Suspensions of GO/CDs and MOG/CDs were obtained by mixing the suspensions at a ratio of 1:1, followed by ultrasonic treatment at a power of 30 W for 30 min using Hielscher Up 200 St (Hielscher Ultrasonics, Teltow, Germany). Cotton fabrics (bleached calico with a density of 120 g/m², Ivanovo Garment Factory, Ivanovo, Russia) were used as the base material. Textile samples were dipped into aqueous suspensions of GO, MOG, CDs, GO/CDs, and MOG/CDs at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and treated with mild ultrasound for 30 min at room temperature. The fabrics were then dried under normal conditions until they were completely dry. To evaluate the washing stability, the samples were washed according to GOST 9733.4-83 [51 ]. The samples were placed in a washing solution that consisted of 0.5 g of soap (Belgorod soap facroty, Belgorod, Russia), 0.2 g of soda (Bashkirskaya Sodovaya Kompaniya, Sterlitamak, Russia), and 100 mL of water. The detergent solution in the beaker containing the samples was stirred at 300 rpm using an magnetic stirrer HS Pro-DT (Stegler, Moscow, Russia) at 60 °C for 30 min. Photographs of the fabrics before and after washing are shown in Figure 9.