Deuterated water d2o

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Deuterated water, or D2O, is a stable isotope of water in which the hydrogen atoms have been replaced with the heavier isotope deuterium. D2O has a number of applications in various scientific and research fields, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, biological studies, and as a tracer in metabolic studies.

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Deuterated D2O (2 citations) Deuterated water (46 citations)

28 protocols using deuterated water d2o

Silica-Rubber Composite Fabrication

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Precipitated silica (10 nm primary particle size, 200 m²/g), 1,5-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-5-ene (DBU), triethylamine (TEA), sodium hydride (NaH), tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, cesium fluoride, deuterated water (D₂O), deuterated hydrochloric acid 35 wt. % (DCl), deuterated chloroform (CDCl₃), and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Hexyltrimethoxysilane (C6), dodecyltrimethoxysilane (C12), and octadecyltrimethoxysilane (C18) were purchased from Gelest (Morrisville, PA, USA).
For the fabrication of a silica-rubber composite, pre-made base-loaded silica, poly-styrene-butadiene (SBR) and polybutadiene rubber (BR), treated distillate aromatic extracted (TDAE) lubricating oil, zinc oxide, stearic acid, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6-PPD), sulfur, 2-mercaptobenzothaizole (MBT), di-phenylguanidine (DPG), and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBS) were used.

Moretto E., Yan C., Dieden R., Steiner P., Duez B., Lenoble D, & Thomann J.S. (2022). Original Basic Activation for Enhancing Silica Particle Reactivity: Characterization by Liquid Phase Silanization and Silica-Rubber Nanocomposite Properties. Polymers, 14(9), 1676.

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Preparation of Dimethyl Fumarate Formulation

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Dimethyl fumarate (dimethyl (E)-but-2-enedioate, DMF), poloxamer 407 (p-407), xanthan gum (x-gum), blue Coomassie, and deuterated water (D₂O) were purchased from Merck Life Science S.r.l. (Milan, Italy). The soybean lecithin (PC) (90% phosphatidylcholine) was Epikuron 200 from Lucas Meyer (Hamburg, Germany). Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Whatman^®) (pore size 200 nm), and STRAT-M^® membranes were purchased from Merck Life Science S.r.l. (Milan, Italy). Solvents were of HPLC grade, and all other chemicals were of analytical grade.

Sicurella M., Pula W., Musiał K., Cieślik-Boczula K., Sguizzato M., Bondi A., Drechsler M., Montesi L., Esposito E, & Marconi P. (2023). Ethosomal Gel for Topical Administration of Dimethyl Fumarate in the Treatment of HSV-1 Infections. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 4133.

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Spectroscopic Standards and Solvents

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The Φ f standards HITCI (batch number 029006) and IR125 (batch number 10970) used for relative measurements and IR140 (batch number 9310) were obtained from Lambda Physics, the spectral emission standard Itrybe from Otava (batch number OTVD_0037), and IR26 from Acros (batch number 409401000). The chemical structures are given in the ESI † (Fig. 1S). The solvents used for the spectroscopic studies, i.e., ethanol for Itrybe and HITCI, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for IR125 and IR140, 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) for IR26, and tetrachloroethylene (TCE) for PbS, were of spectroscopic grade and were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and Merck. For Cd 1-x Hg x Te, deuterated water (D 2 O) from Merck was employed.

Hatami S., Würth C., Kaiser M., Leubner S., Gabriel S., Bahrig L., Lesnyak V., Pauli J., Gaponik N., Eychmüller A, & Resch-Genger U. (2015). Absolute photoluminescence quantum yields of IR26 and IR-emissive Cd(1-x)Hg(x)Te and PbS quantum dots--method- and material-inherent challenges. Nanoscale, 7(1).

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Lipid Preparation for Biophysical Studies

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DPPC, POPC, DOPC, and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene
glycol)-2000] (DOPE-PEG₂₀₀₀) were purchased from Avanti
Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). Methanol (VWR Chemicals) and diisopropyl
ether (VWR Chemicals) were used as purchased. Deuterated water (D₂O) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. PBS in deuterated water
(dPBS) was prepared by dissolving the appropriate amount of Gibco
PBS tablets (manufacturer’s composition: 10 mM sodium phosphates,
2.68 mM potassium chloride, 140 mM sodium chloride) (ThermoFisher
Scientific) in D₂O.

Nele V., Holme M.N., Kauscher U., Thomas M.R., Doutch J.J, & Stevens M.M. (2019). Effect of Formulation Method, Lipid Composition, and PEGylation on Vesicle Lamellarity: A Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study. Langmuir, 35(18), 6064-6074.

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Nucleotide Characterization and Preparation

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The disodium salts of all four 5′-NMPs, viz. 5′-AMP, 5′-GMP, 5′-UMP, and 5′-CMP (all purity ≥ 98%), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Bangalore, India) and used without any further purification. Analytical grade PEG 8000, dextran (average mol. wt. of 9,000- 11,000), and deuterated water (D₂O) were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

Bapat N.V., Paithankar H., Chugh J, & Rajamani S. (2020). NMR analysis of nucleotide π-stacking in prebiotically relevant crowded environment. Communications Chemistry, 3, 51.

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Deuterated Solvent Preparation

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Deuterated water (D₂O) and tetramethylsilane (TMS) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich, Italy.

Mannu A., Karabagias I.K., Di Pietro M.E., Baldino S., Karabagias V.K, & Badeka A.V. (2020). 13C NMR-Based Chemical Fingerprint for the Varietal and Geographical Discrimination of Wines. Foods, 9(8), 1040.

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Gastrointestinal Digestion Lipid Assay

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Trizma® maleate, sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂*2H₂O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC or BS, cat. # T0875), L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk (PC), Type XVI-E (cat. # P3556), glyceryl trioleate or triolein, pancreatin from porcine pancreas (cat. # L3126), deuterated water (D₂O), 4-bromophenylboronic acid, oleic acid, 1-oleoyl-rac-glycerol, and 1,3-diolein were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA.

Rezhdo O., Di Maio S., Le P., Littrell K.C., Carrier R.L, & Chen. S.H. (2017). Characterization of colloidal structures during intestinal lipolysis using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. Journal of colloid and interface science, 499, 189-201.

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Coralyne Characterization in Aqueous and Organic Solvents

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Coralyne chloride hydrate, deuterated water (D₂O) and 3-(Trimethyl Silyl) Propionic-2,2,3,3-d₄ acid sodium salt (TSP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC, USA. K₂HPO₄, KCl and EDTA were obtained from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Deionized water required for preparing buffer and coralyne stock solution was obtained from Milli-Q^TM water purification system using 0.22 μm filter (Millipore, USA). Coralyne stock solution was prepared freshly in 3 different solvents, water, ethanol and DMSO. Since coralyne is light sensitive, it was kept in dark before taking measurements. Aqueous solution with 120 mM K⁺ consisted of 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer containing 10 mM K₂HPO_4, 1 mM EDTA and 100 mM KCl (pH 7.0).

Padmapriya K, & Barthwal R. (2019). Nuclear magnetic resonance based structure of the protoberberine alkaloid coralyne and its self-association by spectroscopy techniques. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 9(6), 437-448.

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Cellulose Dissolution and Regeneration

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Wood pulp with a degree of polymerization of 450 was provided by Innovia Films Ltd. The ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) (≥95%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (99.9%), pure ethanol, pure acetone and deuterated water (D₂O) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ultra-pure water (H₂O) used in the coagulation bath was obtained from a Millipore water system.

Tiihonen L.V., Bernardo G., Dalgliesh R., Mendes A, & Parnell S.R. (2024). Influence of the coagulation bath on the nanostructure of cellulose films regenerated from an ionic liquid solution. RSC Advances, 14(18), 12888-12896.

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NMR Analysis of Daunomycin-Oligonucleotide Complex

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Daunomycin, desalted oligonucleotide sequence d-(TTGGGGT), trimethylsilyl propionic acid (TSP), and deuterated water (D₂O) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Chem. Co. (St Louis, MO USA), and were used directly. Other chemicals for buffer preparations such as Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA), potassium chloride, K₂HPO₄, etc. were purchased from Merck Chemicals (Kenilworth, NJ, USA).

Barthwal R, & Tariq Z. (2018). Molecular Recognition of Parallel G-quadruplex [d-(TTGGGGT)]4 Containing Tetrahymena Telomeric DNA Sequence by Anticancer Drug Daunomycin: NMR-Based Structure and Thermal Stability. Molecules : A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry, 23(9), 2266.

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